Blood Cells - Tissue Functioning and Remodeling in the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems - page 92

Table 3.10. Leukocyte sources of cytokines, especially type-1 and -2 immunocytokines ( Part 2 ;
Sources: [ 175 , 928 ]; CSF: colony-stimulating factor; gCSFR corresponds to CSF3R and CD114,
gmCSFR to CSF2R and CD116; mCSFR to CSF1R and CD115; GH: growth hormone; GHR:
growth hormone receptor; Ifn: interferon; IL: interleukin).

Cell Cytokines

Type 1 Type 2

Basophil IL4/5/6/13

IL1

β

/3/8
Receptors of IL1-IL6/8/13/16/17/29/31/33
CSF2, CSF2R
Receptors of Ifn α / β

Dendritic cell IL12

Eosinophil IL2/12, Ifn γ IL4/5/6/9/13/25

IL1 /3/8/10-11/16

Receptors of IL1-6/8-10/12-13/15-16/18/29/31/33
gmCSF, CSF2R
Receptors of Ifn

α

α / γ

Mastocyte IL4/5/6

Macrophage IL12 IL6/10

Monocyte IL12 IL6/10

Neutrophil IL12 IL4/6/9

IL1/8/15/16/18/20/32
Receptors of IL1-10/12-13/15-18/29/31
GH, GHR, CSF2R, CSF3R
Ifn α / β
Receptors of Ifn α / γ / ω

Basophils are rarely detected in normal tissues, but reside in sites of allergic in-
flammation, especially in respiratory ducts of asthmatic patients. Basophil products,
such as interleukin-4 and -13, leukotriene-C4, and histamine, cause symptoms of
acute and chronic allergy.

3.7.2 Eosinophils

Eosinophil (E m) has large granules and a nucleus which often has two

lobes. The granules contain digestive enzymes that are effective against parasitic
larvae. These cells also phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes. These cells
account for less than 5% of all leukocytes.
In addition to the release of toxic granule content and interleukin-4 (that
drives lymphocytes toward a type-2 helper T phenotype and activation of Toll-
like receptor-2 on dendritic cells, eosinophils defend the body against pathogens by
rapidly ejecting mitochondrial DNA [ 177 ]. Expelled mitochondrial DNAs act as an
extracellular immune effector, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, that generate
a sticky matrix to trap bacteria and activate their death by cationic antimicrobial

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