Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
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B. B IODIESEL
1. Introduction
Among biofuels (biomass, biohydrogen, bioethanol, and biodiesel), biodiesel is currently
the most fully developed and widely used, with many countries producing in excess of
100,000 tons per year, including Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, and the United States.
Japan is also a leading entity in biodiesel research and in production of biodiesel from waste
oils [1, 2]. The current status of biodiesel is understandable given its many convenient
features, such as the following: it can be used in common compression-injection engines
(CIE), it poses no particular difficulties compared to fossil fuels in handling, transport, or
storage, and it can be mixed in any proportion with conventional diesel fuel. Because it is
oxygenated and typically lacks sulfur contamination, it also burns quite cleanly, greatly
reducing the output of ash, particulate matter, CO, and sulfur oxides in comparison to
conventional diesel fuels [1]
The primary obstacle to its more widespread adoption is simply its cost—to date, the raw
material plant oils (typically rapeseed, soybean, canola, etc.) have been much more expensive
than petroleum [3]. Diminishing accessibility of petroleum, however, as well as new
technology allowing recycling of waste vegetable oils into biodiesel, are eroding this obstacle,
with the result that biodiesel is emerging as one of the most promising examples of the use of
biotechnology for economic sustainability and pollution prevention [4].
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