Graphics Reference
In-Depth Information
h y p h e n at i o n g u i d e
There are differences in length between the hyphen (-), the en dash (-) and the em dash
(—). An en dash is roughly the width of an n; an em dash is the width of an m. Each has
its proper place in written language.
Hyphen: Use in words that are broken over two lines ( pro-ject ), fractions ( a two-thirds major-
ity ), multiple modifiers (part-time employee) or in a compound adjective, verb, or adverb
( Italian-American ).
En dash: Use to indicate ranges in a numerical sequence ( January 23-25, 2001; pages
53-66; 1-2 tbsp of sugar ), in other designations of time ( May-June ), or when combining
open compounds ( Maryland-Virginia border ).
Em dash: Use as punctuation in place of a semicolon or a colon ( The computer industry
was in full bloom—many technological methods were well established ), or to indicate a
pause of thought, or to precede a quote attribution (“ Never mistake motion for action.
Ernest Hemingway ).
p r i m e m a r k s a n d q u otat i o n m a r k s g u i d e
Prime marks: Use to indicate inches (8" deep dish pizza) and feet ( He is 6 ' 2 " with green
eyes. ) Never use in place of quotation marks or apostrophes.
Quotation marks: Use to indicate opening and closing of a quote (“ This is a proper use of
quotation marks, she said. ) Use single close quote mark as apostrophes for contractions
or possessions ( That's Ethan's toy. )
Hanging punctuation: also known as exdentation , is the proper way to treat quotation
marks and bullet points to keep a clean margin of alignment.
Improper typesetting of quotation marks and bullet
points where the punctuation disrupt the body of text
and break the margin of alignment.
Hanging punctuation pushes the quotation marks
and bullet points into the margin, thus creating a
clean paragraph of text.
 
 
 
 
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