Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
reportedbyMikkelsen'sgroupasaminorgroovebinderinbiosensor
applications for the determination of the cystic fibrosis F508
deletion sequence[32].
There are classes of small compounds that bind to DNA from
its major groove via hydrogen bonds. One of the famous anticancer
compound is cis -platin that was found by Rosenberg et al. [33].
This compound was used in many biosensor applications for the
detection of DNA damage [34]. The compound covalently binds
to the DNA from its purine bases (N7 of guanine base, major
groove side) [35] and references within. Although the interaction
mechanism of Ruthenium with DNA is not yet known, it does form
cross-links and groove binder [36]. Two chelates of Ruthenium
complexes are bound to the minor groove of DNA, one chelate of it
is inserted into the major groove.Other metal complexes are cobalt
amines, most of which interact with the major groove of the helix
[37].
12.5.1.3 Intercalation mode
Theterm“intercalation”wasfirstdescribedin1982anditwasfound
that intercalators shows a high a nity to double-stranded DNA
structures because they prefer to locate between two adjacent pairs
of bases [38]. Intercalator molecules usually have planar aromatic
rings, for example, some antibiotics such as daunomycin destroy
deoxyribose-phosphatestructure.Thesemoleculesarestabilizedby
π -bondswith bases[39].
Intercalators have generally high DNA-binding constants (par-
tition coe cients), and therefore after the interaction between
intercalator compound and double helix, a conformational change
occurs onto DNA that gives a very favorable free energy of
complex formation [14]. On the other hand, in bis-intercalators, for
example, Echinomycin, two intercalative interactions perform via
covalent bonds between aromatic rings of the molecule and DNA
[14].
7-dimethyl-amino-1,2-benzophenoxazinium salt (Meldola's blue
[MDB]) is also used as an electrochemical hybridization mediator
[40-43] and an analysis of its intercalation mechanism has been
reported by Reid et al. [44].
 
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