Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
15
Systemic
User Experience
S. Borsci, M. Kurosu, M. L. Mele, and S. Federici
CONTENTS
15.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 337
15.2 From Accessibility and Usability of Systems to the Users'
Experience of Systems ................................................................................................ 340
15.2.1 The Relationship Between Accessibility and Usability ................................ 340
15.2.2 An Overview of the Usability Standards ....................................................... 341
15.3 Evaluation of Systems ..................................................................................................... 343
15.3.1 A Conceptual Framework: An Integrated Model of Interaction
Evaluation ........................................................................................................... 343
15.4 Example of the UX Concept Application in Design Systems for Rehabilitation .... 348
15.4.1 UX in the Assistive Technology Assessment Process .................................. 348
15.4.2 Sonification of the System ................................................................................. 351
15.4.2.1 Application of a UX Framework for Designing a Sonified
Visual Web Search Engine .............................................................. 353
15.5 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 354
Summary of the Chapter ............................................................................................................ 355
References ..................................................................................................................................... 355
15.1 Introduction
The term User eXperience (UX), proposed in the 1990s by Donald A. Norman and col-
leagues (1995) is focused on pleasure, value, and on performance during a human-system
interaction. In the design process of the interaction, the usability of the system is a neces-
sary but not sufficient condition for obtaining (designing or evaluating) a good level of UX;
indeed, although usability is a dimension of the interaction, UX is a holistic perspective on
how a user feels about using a system. There are various definitions regarding UX, includ-
ing the one provided by Norman in explaining the UX term as “all aspects of the user's
interactions with the product: how it is perceived, learned and used. It includes ease of use
and, most important of all, the needs that the product fulfils” (1998, p. 47), and the defini-
tion provided by Garrett, “how the product behaves and is used in the real world” (2003,
p. 17). Recently, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9241-210 (1999)
defined it as “a person's perceptions and responses that result from the use or anticipated
use of a product, system or service.” The ISO also states that
User experience is a consequence of the presentation, functionality, system perfor-
mance, interactive behaviour, and assistive capabilities of an interactive system, both
hardware and software [...]. It is also a consequence of the user's prior experiences, atti-
tudes, skills, habits and personality (ISO 1999).
337
