Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Devices or hard technologies include equipment such as wheelchairs, seating and posi-
tioning systems, computer access technologies and specialized software, augmentative
communication devices, and environmental control systems. AT ranges from simple low-
tech options to sophisticated, high-tech devices (Cook et al. 2007). Low-tech options are
generally simple and inexpensive devices such as bathboards, typing splints, or a com-
munication board. High-tech options include expensive, sophisticated, dedicated tech-
nologies such as power wheelchairs, an onscreen keyboard, or an environmental control
system. These devices are usually highly specialized and designed with a specific group
in mind (e.g., people with tetraplegia or vision impairments). However, the devices alone
are rarely enough to ensure the success of an AT intervention. Supports or soft technolo-
gies are generally required to ensure the effective use of AT. Soft technologies include
customizing the device to suit the individual's specific requirements, training to enable
the person to use the device, and providing support for the repair and maintenance of
the device.
Many people who rely on AT use a number of devices together. People with signifi-
cant impairments are often faced with complex positioning, mobility, access, and com-
munication issues that require diverse expertise and extensive problem-solving. The AT
team generally comprises rehabilitation engineers, physiotherapists, OTs, speech patholo-
gists, educators, technicians, suppliers, and most importantly AT users. The success of
the AT solution is dependent on each team member bringing their specialist knowledge
and understandings to the table and working collaboratively to identify the components
required and integrating these into the final solution.
11.4 Overview of the Process Involved in Selecting and Using AT
The AT user's quest for the most appropriate technology generally begins before they con-
tact a professional, and the effective use of the device extends well beyond their encounter
with an AT team. A number of steps are critical to the effective selection and use of AT,
including (de Jonge et al. 2007)
•
Visioning possibilities
•
Establishing goals/expectations
•
Identifying specific requirements
•
Establishing device criteria
•
Identifying potential technologies and resources
•
Locating local resources and supports
•
Developing a funding strategy
•
Trying and evaluating options
•
Purchasing the technology
•
Setting up and fitting the technology
•
Training
•
Maintenance and repair follow-up
•
Monitoring and evaluation
