Heavy Metal Overloads and Autism in Children from Mainland China and Hong Kong: A Preliminary Study - Environmental Contamination: Health Risks and Ecological Restoration - page 41

TABLE 3.2
Concentrations.of.Heavy.Metals.in.the.Urine.Samples.of.Children.with.Autism

Heavy
Metal

Concentrations
(μg/g)

Reference
Range(μg/g) District ExcessMultiple

Mercury Mainland.China 10.2.±.7.44 2.03

Hong.Kong 13.2.±.12.7 <5 2.65

Lead Mainland.China 48.9.±.31.2* 9.77

Hong.Kong 17.9.±.11.01 <5 3.58

Cadmium Mainland.China 0.543.±.0.297 0.27

Hong.Kong 0.515.±.0.389 <2 0.26

Arsenic Mainland.China 138.±.153 1.06

Hong.Kong 127.±.104 <130 0.98

* . Indicates.signiicant.difference.p.<.0.05,.according.to.student's.t-test.
Reference.Range.is.collected.according.to.Doctor's.Data,.Inc..(DDI).from.America.

TABLE 3.3
Concentrations.of.Mercury,.Lead,.and.Cadmium.in.Blood.Samples.Children.
with.Autis m

Heavy
Metal

Concentrations
(μg/g)

Reference
Range(μg/g) District ExcessMultiple

Mercury Mainland.China 0.00336.±.0.00272 0.26

Hong.Kong 0.00417.±.0.00283 <0.013 0.32

Lead Mainland.China 0.0336.±.0.0106* 0.61

Hong.Kong 0.0165.±.0.00926 <0.055 0.30

Cadmium Mainland.China 0.00336.±.0.00272 0.07

Hong.Kong 0.000533.±.0.000132 <0.014 0.04

* . Indicates.signiicant.difference.p.<.0.05,.according.to.student's.t-test.
Reference.Range.is.collected.according.to.Doctor's.Data,.Inc..(DDI).from.America.

Mainland.China.and.Hong.Kong.samples,.respectively).and.mercury.(0.26.
and.0.32.times.in.Mainland.China.and.Hong.Kong.samples,.respectively)..A.
signiicantly. higher. (p.<.0.05). concentration. of. lead. was. noted. in. Mainland.
China. samples. than. in. Hong. Kong. samples,. whereas. no. signiicant. differ-
ences.were.found.in.mercury.and.arsenic.concentrations.

District Difference

It. seems. apparent. that. the. children. with. autism. from. Hong. Kong. con-
tained. higher. concentrations. of. mercury. and. cadmium,. whereas. those.
from. Mainland. China. had. higher. lead. and. arsenic.. An. attempt. was. also.
made.to.divide.the.samples.into.two.groups:.coastal.districts.(Guangdong,.
Fujian,.Zhejiang,.Tianjin,.Shanghai,.Jiangsu,.Shandong).and.inland.districts.