Bioavailability of Metals and Arsenic on Brownfield Land: Remediation or Natural Attenuation for Risk Minimization? - Environmental Contamination: Health Risks and Ecological Restoration - page 479

TABLE 22.2
Mean.Pseudo-Total.(HNO 3 -Extractable).
Concentrations.of.Trace.Elements.in.
Soil.at.One.Location.on.the.Warrington.
Brownield.Site.and.in.the.Canal.
Sediment.(mg/kg)

BrownieldSite CanalSediment

As 37 145

Cr 40 1315

Cd 4.3 <1

Ni 38 102

Zn 172 4858

Pb 179 1887

Cu 83 887

FIGURE 22.6
The.canal.before.and.after.engineering.work.

providing. a. pollution. linkage. to. receptors. (groundwater. contamination.
and. entrainment. of. airborne. dust. particulates).. Adjacent. brownield. land.
contained. mean. trace. element. concentrations. that. were. only. marginally.
elevated. (Table. 22.2),. although. spatial. patterns. were. heterogeneous. with.
localized. hotspots. of. trace. elements. (Figure. 22.7). as. usually. found. on.
brownield.land.(French.et.al..2006).
The.restoration.work.involved.extensive.engineering.of.the.canal,.which.
was.narrowed.through.dredging,.stabilization,.and.relocation.of.the.sedi-
ment.to.the.edges.of.the.canal.basin,.retained.by.geotextile-lined.gabions,.
and. covered. by. recycled. soil. forming. materials,. including. green. waste.
compost. (Figure. 22.4).. A. water. low. was. created. in. the. new. open. water.
section.of.the.narrowed.canal.and.an.artiicial.wetland.was.established.to.
receive.downstream.outlow..Habitat.improvement.of.the.adjacent.brown-
ield. land. was. restricted. to. raised. walkways. and. some. import. of. green.
waste.compost..The.project.was.completed.in.2010.but.it.may.be.too.early.