Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Kinniburgh.2002)..Table.21.1.shows.the.normal.arsenic.minerals.in.nature..
Rock-forming.minerals,.such.as.sulide.minerals,.oxidation.minerals,.silicate.
minerals,. carbonate. minerals,. and. sulide. minerals,. have. different. arsenic.
concentrations..Especially,.sulide.minerals.contain.large.concentrations.of.
arsenic.(Table.21.2)..Arsenic.contamination.in.Japan,.Chile,.and.the.United.
States.has.occurred.due.to.geothermal.sources,.and.arsenic.concentration.in.
the.ground.water.in.Bangladesh,.India,.China,.and.the.United.States.have.
increased. due. to. arsenic-bearing. minerals. (Smedly. and. Kinniburgh. 2002,.
Wang.and.Mulligan.2006,.Yang.et.al..2007)..The.background.level.of.As.in.
Korea.has.not.been.reported,.but.the.soil.contaminations.have.been.investi-
gated.in.detail,.with.the.most.frequently.contaminated.sites.being.abandoned.
mine.areas,.especially.old.gold.mines.(Jung.2001)..There.are.approximately.
1000.abandoned.metal.mines.in.South.Korea,.where.the.tailings.left.behind.
TABLE 21.1
Major.Arsenic.Minerals.in.Nature
Mineral
Composition
Occurrence
Native.arsenic
As
Hydrothermal.veins
Niccolite
NiAs
Vein.deposits.and.norites
Realgar
AsS
Vein.deposits,.often.associated.orpiment,.
clays.and.limestones,.also.deposits.from.hot.
springs
Orpiment
As
2
S
3
Hydrothermal.veins,.hot.springs,.volcanic.
sublimation.product
Cobalite
CoAsS
High-temperature.deposits,.metamorphic.
rocks
Arsenopyrite
FeAsS
The.most.abundant.Arsenic.mineral,.
dominantly.mineral.veins
Tennantite
(Cu,Fe)
12
As
4
S
13
Hydrothermal.veins
Enargite
Cu
3
AsS
4
Hydrothermal.veins
Arsenolite
As
2
O
3
Secondary.mineral.formed.by.oxidation.of.
realgarm.arsenopyrite.and.other.arsenic.
minerals
Claudetite
As
2
O
3
Secondary.mineral.formed.by.oxidation.of.
realgarm.arsenopyrite.and.other.arsenic.
minerals
Scorodite
FeAsO
4
·2H
2
O
Secondary.mineral
Annabergite
(Ni,Co)
3
(AsO
4
)
2
·8H
2
O
Secondary.mineral
Hoernesite
Mg
3
(AsO
4
)
2
·8H
2
O
Secondary.mineral,.smelter.wastes
Haematolite
(Mn,Mg)
4
As(AsO
4
)
(OH)
8
Conichalcite
CaCu(AsO
4
)(OH)
Secondary.mineral
Pharmacosiderite
Fe
3
(AsO
4
)
2
(OH)
3
·5H
2
O
Oxidation.products.of.arsenopyrite.and.other.
arsenic.minerals
Source:
.
Smedley,.P.L..and.Kinniburgh,.D.G.,.Source.and.behavior.of.arsenic.in.natural.water,.
United.Nations.Synthesis.Report.on.Arsenic.in.Drinking.Water,.p..61,.2001.
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