Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
on. feeding. modes. of. ish,. with. carnivores. having. higher. concentrations.
(Zhou. et. al.. 1999b),. an. indication. of. bioaccumulation. and. biomagniica-
tion.through.the.aquatic.food.chain..Our.recent.survey.showed.that.trash.
ish.used.in.both.freshwater.and.marine.ish.farms.contained.signiicantly.
higher. levels. of. DDTs. (86.5-641.μg/kg. lipid. wt.). than. in. commercial. pel-
lets,.resulting.in.higher.loadings.of.DDTs.in.ish.cultivated.in.our.region.
(Leung.et.al..2010).
Our.recent.study.investigating.the.body.burdens.of.POPs.in.residents.of.
Hong.Kong.showed.that.there.are.signiicant.correlations:.Σ.DDTs.and.p,p′-
DDE.in.human.milk.with.consumption.of.freshwater.and.marine.ish,.and.
maternal. age,. and. Σ. PAHs. in. human. milk. with. maternal. age,. respectively..
The.estimated.daily.intakes.of.DDTs.by.infants.indicated.that.7.out.of.29.of.
the. human. milk. samples. exceeded. 20.ng/g/day,. the. tolerable. daily. intake.
(TDI). proposed. by. the. Health. Canada. Guideline. in. terms. of. DDTs. levels.
(Tsang. et. al.. 2010).. Qin. et. al.. (2010). also. demonstrated. that. DDTs,. HCHs,.
PCBs,. PAHs,. PBDEs,. As,. Cd,. Pb,. and. Hg. detected. in. adipose. tissues. may.
have.some.correlation.with.uterine.leiomyomas.(a.kind.of.tumor),.and.their.
accumulation.in.the.body.is.positively.correlated.with.regular.consumption.
of.seafood.and.other.factors.such.as.body.mass.index.and.age.
Based. on. source. analyses,. it. has. been. demonstrated. that. the. PAHs. in.
indoor.dust.were.derived.from.pyrogenic.(combustion).origins.(Kang.et.al..
2010)..Wang.et.al..(2010a,b).further.showed.that.surface.sediments.of.freshwa-
ter.ishponds.and.mariculture.rafts.around.the.PRD.were.grossly.contami-
nated.by.PAHs.derived.from.combustion.sources..Even.in.Mai.Po.Marshes,.
a.more.remote.area.designated.for.biological.conservation,.it.was.found.that.
the. sediments. contained. high. concentrations. of. PAHs. and. various. chlori-
nated. hydrocarbon. pesticides. that. would. impose. toxicity. on. the. environ-
ment,.based.on.the.results.of.toxicity.tests.using.different.trophic.organisms.
(Microtoxs.solid-phase.test,.Daphnia.mortality.test,.algal.growth.inhibition.
test,. and. rye. grass. seed. germination. test). and. biomarker. studies. (tilapia.
hepatic.metallothionein;.glutathione.[GSH],.and.EROD.activity.using.H4IIE.
rat.hepatoma.cell).(Kwok.et.al..2010).
By. analyzing. 10. common. types. of. marine. ish. and. 10. common. types. of.
freshwater.ish.available.in.local.markets.of.Hong.Kong,.it.was.found.that.
PBDEs. contained.in. these.ish. were.rather.high,. and.because.of.the.higher.
ish.consumption.rate.by.Hong.Kong.residents,.there.is.higher.daily.PBDE.
intake. (222-1198.ng/day. for. marine. ish. and. 403-2170.ng/day. in. freshwa-
ter.ish).than.those.reported.from.the.United.States.(8.94-15.7.ng/day).and.
Europe. (14-23.1.ng/day). (Cheung. et. al.. 2008).. Due. to. the. rapid. industrial.
development.in.the.Pearl.River.Delta,.PBDEs.can.be.commonly.detected.in.
the.environment,.and.a.rather.high.concentration.of.21.4.ng/day.dry.wt..total.
PBDEs. was. detected. in. the. sediment. from. wastewater. discharge. from. the.
vehicle-repairing.workshop.in.Lo.Uk.Tusen,.a.former.farm.land.in.the.New.
Territories.of.Hong.Kong.(Luo.et.al..2007).
Search WWH ::
Custom Search