Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
FIGURE 19.1
Part.of.the.MCC.page.on.the.DayWater.website.
In.the.United.States,.several.states.provide.stormwater.and.BMP.manage-
ment. manuals. online.. The. Iowa. Stormwater. Management. Manual. (2008).
notes. that. stormwater. wetlands. require. a. minimum. drainage. area. of. 10.ha.
in.order.to.maintain.the.vegetation.and.a.wetland.surface.area.of.3%-5%.of.
the. drainage. area. in. order. to. reduce. peak. lows. and. attenuate. loods.. The.
City. of. Portland. Environmental. Services. provides. advice. on. its. Sustainable.
Stormwater.Management.program..This.project.aims.to.maximize.the.reten-
tion,. treatment,. and. iniltration. of. street. run-off,. while. providing. improved.
safety.and.a.visual.amenity.for.the.neighborhood..A.Green.Street.program.has.
introduced.pocket.wetlands.to.the.sides.of.streets.in.order.to.reduce.imperme-
able.surface.area,.and.to.enable.stormwater.to.iniltrate.and.recharge.ground-
water.and.surface.water..A.constructed.wetland.system.named.Glencoe.Rain.
Garden,. located. adjacent. to. a. street,. provides. 80%. reduction. in. peak. lows,.
88%.low.volume.retention.annually.over.3.years,.and.protects.downstream.
properties.from.backups.(Kurtz,.2007)..There.is.also.a.program.of.disconnec-
tion.of.roof-draining.downspouts.from.the.mains.sewers,.allowing.irrigation.
of.gardens.and.drainage.into.the.soil..In.addition.to.the.water.quality.and.eco-
logical.beneits.to.the.local.Willamette.River.from.reduced.CSO.discharges,.
residents.experienced.an.enhancement.of.their.street.landscape.and.improved.
irrigation.of.their.gardens.(Portland.Environmental.Services,.2009).
The.rapid.urbanization.of.Kaohsiung.city.in.south.Taiwan,.its.location.in.
a. plain. below. mountains. and. sub-tropical. climate. with. high. rainfall,. has.
increased. its. susceptibility. to. looding.. The. city. and. county. governments.
have. constructed. lood. detention. ponds,. artiicial. lakes,. and. wetlands. to.
reduce. the. discharge. to. stormwater. drainage. systems.. The. wetland. park.
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