Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 19.1
IUWM.Beneits.from.the.Development.of.BMP.Drainage.Systems
Technical
Environmental
Community
Costs
Planning
↓Pollution.and.
looding
↑Maintaining.
receiving.
water.volumes
↑Environmental.
education,.
information.
and.training
↓Drainage.
system.costs
↑Landscape.
and.lood.
management.
planning
↓Run-off.
volumes.to.
CSOs,.WWTPs
↑Water.quality
↓O&M.costs
↓Impermeable.
surface.area
↑Wildlife.
habitats
↑Stakeholder.
consultation
↓WWTP.run-off.
treatment.costs
↑Control.of.
impermeable.
surfaces
↑Stormwater.
storage.volumes
↑Biodiversity.
and.landscape
↑Community.
participation
↓Retroit.costs
↑Surface.water.
drainage
↑.represents.an.increase;.↓.represents.a.decrease.
in.the.following.examples.of.European.cities..The.Greater.Dublin.Strategic.
Drainage.study.recommended.the.use.of.BMPs.to.be.greatly.increased.in.the.
city.and.its.surrounding.region..In.addition.to.the.beneits.of.stormwater.con-
trol.and.the.prevention.of.looding,.BMPs.will.bring.beneits.to.developers.
as.well.as.the.public.by.enhancing.the.value.of.existing.and.new.properties.
(Doyle.et.al.,.2003)..On.the.river.Tolka,.which.is.prone.to.looding.in.the.city.
and.region.of.Dublin,.retroit.wetlands.have.been.introduced.since.2001.on.
problem.surface.water.sewers.prior.to.discharge.into.the.river.(D'Arcy.and.
Chouli,.2007)..In.Tolka.Valley.Park,.the.retroitting.of.a.pond.receiving.storm-
water.and.misconnected.domestic.wastewater.as.a.constructed.wetland.has.
reduced.nutrient.discharges.and.algal.scum.and.enhanced.biodiversity.with.
the.reintroduction.of.the.common.frog,.one.of.the.three.amphibian.species.
in.Ireland.(Dublin.City.Council,.2010).
Augustenborg.is.an.inner.city.suburb.of.Malmo,.southern.Sweden,.which.
previously.experienced.looding.during.heavy.storms.from.Combined.Sewer.
Overlows.(CSOs)..An.open.stormwater.system.was.introduced.in.2001.and.
drainage. to. the. combined. sewer. system. was. disconnected.. Community.
participation.was.an.important.factor.in.the.implementation.of.stormwater.
disconnection..Stormwater.now.passes.through.a.complex.system.of.green.
roofs,. swales,. channels,. detention. ponds,. and. small. wetlands. (Villarreal.
et.al.,.2004)..The.ponds.and.small.wetlands.are.designed.to.attenuate.10.year.
event.rainfall,.and.the.green.roofs.are.effective.at.reducing.total.run-off..The.
city.of.Nijmegen.aimed.to.disconnect.20%.of.paved.surfaces.in.urban.areas.
within.a.decade.communcing.1997..Grass.swales,.iniltration.trenches,.and.
wetland.systems.have.been.developed,.and.visual.water.arts.projects.imple-
mented.to.raise.public.awareness.of.stormwater..Emscher.is.a.region.(named.
after. the. river). of. Germany. which. is. drained. by. surface. water. channels.
that.act.as.combined.sewers..The.system.is.currently.being.replaced.over.a.
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