Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
hydrocarbons,. the. results. of. this. study. showed. that. the. bacteria. from. the.
seawater.could.be.enriched.and.incubated.in.the.normal.medium.to.utilize.
alkyl. chain. hydrocarbons. as. a. sole. substrate.. Moreover,. Pseudomonas . spp..
and. Rhodococcus .spp..strains.in.the.marine.environment.were.demonstrated.
to.be.capable.of.degrading.crude.oil.(Sorkhoh.et.al..1990).
Polycyclic. aromatic. hydrocarbon. (PAH). was. one. class. of. dominant.
organic. pollutant,. reaching. to. the. marine. environment. mainly. through.
wastewater.treatment.plant.and.the.combusion.of.industrial.discharge..In.
the. past. decades,.many.bacterial.strains.were.found.and. were. applied. in.
the.bioremediation.of.PAH.in.the.marine.environment.(Hayes.et.al..1999,.
Poeton. et. al.. 1999,. Juhasz. and. Naidu. 2000).. A. detailed. review. is. avail-
able. on. the. microbial. communities. in. the. oil-contaminated. seawaters.
(Harayama.et.al..2004)..Several.species,.including. Pseudomonas ,. Vibrio ,.and.
Flavobacterium ,. were. recognized. as. the. common. microbes. in. the. marine.
environment..Other.uncommon.species.like. Cycloclasticus oligotrophus .were.
also.isolated.for.their.PAH.degradation.ability.(Wang.et.al..1996a).
There.are.many.studies.based.on.the.microorganisms.enriched.from.marine.
waters.and.sediments,.some.of.which.were.novel.species..It.is.very.interesting.
that.marine.bacteria.having.specialized.degradation.capability.can.be.applied.
to.biodegrade.PAEs.in.the.environment.(Xu.et.al..2005)..However,.their.degra-
dation.capability.and.possible.biochemical.pathway.still.need.stronger.proof.
by. way. of. further. investigation.. Future. research. in. this. regard. might. yield.
critical. information. that. will. help. close. the. knowledge. gaps. between. the.
ields.of.marine.microbiology.and.bioremediation.application.
Conclusions
Phthalate. esters. as. environmental. pollutants. will. likely. stay. with. us. for. a.
long.time..Therefore,.future.research.in.this.regard.should.focus.on.their.bio-
degradation.capacity.and.effects.on.the.human.health.and.the.environment..
Newly. available. information. has. shown. that. degradation. of. organic. com-
pounds.in.the.environment.is.a.concerted.activity.of.a.group.of.microorgan-
isms,. offering. an. ecological. view. of. the. degradation. community.. Esterases.
are.much.more.diversiied.and.speciic.than.what.was.thought.previously.
Acknowledgments
This.research.is.a.culmination.of.the.efforts.of.a.handful.of.graduate.students.
and. postdoctoral. fellows. who. had. worked. at. this. laboratory.. Laboratory.
assistance.was.provided.by.Jessie.Lai.
 
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