Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 15.2
Occurrence.and.Concentration.of.Several.Phthalate.Esters.in.the.Environment
Occurrencein
Environment
PhthalateEsters
Concentration
References
Dimethyl.
phthalate.(DMP)
River
10.mg/L
Fajardo.et.al..(1997)
Dibutyl.phthalate.
(DBP)
River
45.ppb
Mori.(1976)
Well.water
0.19-9.26.μg/L
Hashizume.et.al..(2002)
Sea.surface.microlayer
0.223.μg/L
Cincinelli.et.al..(2001)
Subsurface.layer
0.065.μg/L
Cincinelli.et.al..(2001)
Diethyl.phthalate.
(DEP)
Sea.sediment
Peterson.and.Freeman.
(1982)
0.049.μg/L
Household.waste
18.2.mg/kg
Bauer.and.Herrmann.(1997)
Di(2-ethylhexyl).
phthalate.(DEHP)
Sea.sediment
0.18.μg/L
Peterson.and.Freeman.
(1982)
Household.waste
16,820.6.mg/kg
Bauer.and.Herrmann.(1997)
Landill.leachate
346.μg/L
Paxéus.(2000)
efforts.have.been.made.to.determine.the.extent.of.the.appearance.of.PAEs,.
clarify.the.sources.of.PAEs,.and.understand.their.fate.in.the.environment..
In.this.case,.many.reports.have.been.published.to.advance.an.understand-
ing.of.the.potential.environmental.problems.posed.by.the.use.of.PAEs..The.
environment.that.these.reports.studied.includes.soils,.landills,.sediments,.
receiving. waters,. and. drinking. water,. which. will. be. discussed. in. what.
follows.(Table.15.2).
Receiving Waters
The.receiving.water.involves.streams,.rivers,.estuaries,.and.marine.(Gomes.
and.Lester.2003)..Since.1976,.a.huge.volume.of.research.reported.that.phthal-
ate.esters.were.detected.in.receiving.waters.(Schouten.et.al..1979)..Phthalate.
esters. are. most. likely. released. from. domestic. sewage. efluents,. industrial.
sewage. efluents,. or. industrial. discharges. because. of. inadequate,. or. the.
absence.of,.iltering.before.discharge.(Birkett.2003)..Mori.(1976).applied.high-
performance. liquid. chromatography. (HPLC). to. detect. PAEs. in. river-water.
samples..DBP.and.DEHP.were.determined.to.be.45.and.10.μg/L,.respectively,.
in.those.samples..In.Nigeria,.Fatoki.and.Ogunfowokan.(1993).reported.that.
DMP,. DEP,. and. DBP. were. detected. in. several. rivers. at. concentration. from.
10.to.1472.mg/L..In.Japan,.DBP.(up.to.9.26.μg/L).and.DEHP.(up.to.5.22.μg/L).
were. also. detected. in. well. water,. Tempaku. River,. and. other. water. sources.
(Hashizume.et.al..2002)..In.another.report,.DEHP.was.found.in.several.riv-
ers,.including.Furu,.Jinzu,.and.Itachi,.with.the.concentrations.ranging.from.
0.5.to.48.4.μg/L.(Hata.et.al..2004)..These.studies.have.invariably.recognized.
DBP.and.DEHP.to.be.the.predominant.PAE.pollutants.in.the.river.waters,.a.
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