Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
12
Biomethylation of Arsenic in
Contaminat
ed Soils
RichardP.Dick,QinWu,andNicholasT.Basta
CONTENTS
Introduction.......................................................................................................... 231
Sources.and.Toxicology.................................................................................. 231
Remediation.Strategies................................................................................... 233
Arsenic.Methylation............................................................................................ 234
Methylation.Reactions.and.Pathways.......................................................... 234
Microbial.Genetic.Controls.and.Energetics................................................. 236
Factors.Affecting.Arsenic.Biomethylation....................................................... 237
Arsenic.Sources............................................................................................... 238
Microorganisms............................................................................................... 238
Bacteria.and.Archaea................................................................................. 244
Fungi............................................................................................................ 246
Microbial.Inoculation.of.Soils................................................................... 248
Environmental.Conditions............................................................................ 248
Soil.Moisture.and.Temperature................................................................ 248
pH................................................................................................................. 249
Redox.Potential........................................................................................... 249
Non-Arsenic.Substrates................................................................................. 250
Soil.Amendments....................................................................................... 250
Incubation.Time.and.Rates.of.As.Volatilization......................................... 251
Anions.and.Trace.Elements........................................................................... 252
Perspectives.......................................................................................................... 253
References............................................................................................................. 254
Introduction
Sources and Toxicology
Arsenic.(As).is.a.naturally.occurring.metalloid.found.in.organic.and.inorganic.
compounds.which.ultimately.are.of.geological.origin.and.so.is.found.in.soil.
231
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