Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(Musson. et. al.. 2000).. Jang. and. Townsend. (2003). investigated. 11. Florida.
landills.to.determine.lead.leachability.from.printed.circuit.boards.in.com-
puters. and. cathode. ray. tubes. from. computers. and. televisions.. Townsend.
et.al..(2004).studied.leachability.of.12.types.of.electronic.appliances,.includ-
ing.CPUs,.computer.monitors,.laptops,.printers,.color.TV,.VCRs,.cell.phones,.
keyboards,.mice,.remote.controls,.smoke.detectors,.and.lat-panel.displays.
to. examine. the. concentration. of. lead,. iron,. copper,. and. zinc. from. their.
leachate..Li.et.al..(2006).examined.the.leachate.from.motherboards,.various.
expansion. cards,. disk. drives,. and. power. supply. units. to. test. the. concen-
tration. of. eight. elements,. namely,. arsenic,. barium,. cadmium,. chromium,.
lead,.mercury,.selenium,.and.silver..Spalvins.et.al..(2008).studied.the.impact.
of. lead. leachability. from. electronic. equipment,. including. computers,. key-
boards,. mouse. devices,. smoke. detectors,. monitors,. cell. phones,. and. cell.
phone.batteries.in.the.simulated.landills,.and.Li.et.al..(2009).investigated.18.
heavy.metals.in.the.leachate.of.personal.computers.and.cathode.ray.tubes.
(CRTs).in.the.simulated.landills.
Spalvins.et.al..(2008).studied.the.lead.concentration.from.e-waste.in.land-
ill. leachate.. They. found. lead.concentrations. of. 7-66.μg/L.in. the. simulated.
landill. column. containing. e-waste. and. further. found. that. the. simulated.
landill.column.without.e-waste.was.<2-54.μg/L..Heavy.metals.accumulate.
in.both.soil.and.groundwater.around.landill.sites.through.vertical.and.hori-
zontal.migration.(Rawat.et.al..2008)..Li.et.al..(2009).analyzed.the.soil.samples.
in.simulated.landill.columns.and.found.heavy.metals,.including.Pb,.Cr,.Ni,.
and.Sn;.however,.they.could.not.detect.these.in.the.leachate.
Vast. quantities. of. e-waste. are. now. being. exported. around. the. world. for.
recycling. using. processes. that. emit. the. pollution. into. the. environment. in.
developing. countries.. Guiyu. and. Taizhou. are. the. large. e-waste. recycling.
sites. in. China. where. extensive. pollution. is. emitted. due. to. e-waste. recy-
cling.processes..The.whole.ecosystem,.including.soil,.sediment,.water,.and.
air,.is.being.contaminated.by.these.toxic.substances..Many.researchers.are.
now.investigating.the.distribution.and.contamination.of.pollution.from.the.
e-waste.recycling.process.in.the.environment..Soil.samples.are.collected.to.
test. the. contamination. of. polybrominated. diphenyl. ethers. (PBDEs). (Wang.
et.al..2005;.Cai.and.Jiang.2006;.Leung.et.al..2007),.polycyclic.aromatic.hydro-
carbons.(PAHs).(Leung.et.al..2006;.Yu.et.al..2006;.Shen.et.al..2009;.Tang.et.al..
2010),. polychlorinated. dibenzo-p-dioxins. and. dibenzofurans. (PCDD/Fs),.
(Leung. et. al.. 2007;. Shen. et. al.. 2009),. and. polychlorinated. biphenyls.(PCBs),.
(Shen. et. al.. 2009;. Tang. et. al.. 2010). Cr,. Cd,. Hg,. Ni,. Pb,. and. Zn. (Tang. et. al..
2010). either. in.recycling. sites. or. around. the. areas.. Also,. water. samples. are.
examined.for.heavy.metals,.including.Ag,.As,.Be,.Cd,.Cr,.Co,.Cu,.Li,.Mo,.Ni,.
Pb,.Sb,.Se,.and.Zn.(Wong.et.al..2007b)..Air.samples.are.collected.to.examine.
contamination.by.heavy.metals.such.as.As,.Cd,.Cr,.Cu,.Mn,.Ni,.Pb,.Zn,.and.
PAHs.(Deng.et.al..2006);.PBDEs.(Deng.et.al..2007;.Chen.et.al..2009);.PCDD/
Fs;. and. polybrominated. dibenzo-p-dioxins. and. dibenzofurans. (PBDD/Fs).
(Li.et.al..2007)..As.a.result,.the.environment.around.recycling.sites.in.China.
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