Inverse Relationship between Urinary Retinol-Binding Protein, Beta-2- Microglobulin, and Blood Manganese Levels in School-Age Children from an E-Waste Recycling Town - Environmental Contamination: Health Risks and Ecological Restoration - page 187

ResultsandDiscussion
Participant's Characteristics

In. total,. 61. children. from. Guiyu. and. 69. children. of. control. group. were.
recruited.in.our.investigation..The.demographic.characteristics.of.the.partici-
pants.are.summarized.in.Table.9.1..The.distributions.of.gender.were.not.statis-
tically.different.between.the.school-age.children.from.Guiyu.and.those.from.
the.control.group.( P .>.0.05)..Weight,.height,.and.body.mass.index.of.children.
in.Guiyu.were.signiicantly.lower.than.those.in.the.control.group.( P .<.0.01).

Manganese Levels in Blood

MnB.of.children.in.Guiyu.ranged.from.10.5.to.36.6.μg/L,.and.in.the.control-
group.children.MnB.ranged.from.6.7.to.30.8.μg/L..Median.values.of.MnB.are.
shown.in.Table.9.2..MnB.in.children.from.Guiyu.were.higher.than.that.found.
in.the.control.group.( P .<.0.01)..As.expected,.both.boys.and.girls.in.Guiyu.had.
higher.MnB.compared.to.those.in.control.group.( P .<.0.01)..MnB.were.not.sig-
niicantly.different.between.genders.

Parameters of Renal Dysfunction

Numerous. studies. have. characterized. the. association. of. urinary. pro-
teins. with. changes. in. renal. tubular. integrity. associated. with. disease. or.
nephrotoxic. exposure. in. both. adults. and. children. (de. Burbure. et. al.. 2003,.
Trachtenberg. and. Barregard. 2007).. The. most. frequently. observed. health.
effects.include.tubular.proteinuria.that.results.from.impaired.renal.reabsorp-
tion.of.low-molecular-weight.proteins.such.as.β 2 -MG.and.RBP..The.urinary.
indicators.for.renal.dysfunction.are.shown.in.Table.9.2..The.median.urinary.
RBP.of.children.was.63.0.μg/g.creatinine.in.Guiyu.and.48.9.μg/g.creatinine.in.

TABLE 9.1
Characteristics.of.Children

Gender

Age
(Years)

Weight
(kg)

Height
(cm)

BMI
(kg/m 2 ) Group N Boys Girls

Guiyu 61 9.6.±.1.4 45.9% 54.1% 25.4.±.5.6 127.8.±.9.2 15.4.±.1.6

Control 69 10.5.±.1.4 59.4% 40.6% 30.5.±.5.6 135.4.±.8.4 16.5.±.2.0

P 0.001 0.123 0.000 0.000 0.003

Characteristics. of. the. participating. children. are. expressed. either. as. number. (N),.
mean.value.±.SD,.or.percentage.(%).
P -value.is.calculated.using.Chi-square.test.for.categorical.data,.and.Mann-Whitney.
U.test.for.quantitative.data.with.skewed.distributions.
BMI,.body.mass . index.