Removal of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Compounds of Emerging Concern in Public-Owned Sewage Treatment Works: A Review - Environmental Contamination: Health Risks and Ecological Restoration - page 155

TABLE 8.3
Review.of.the.Removal.Eficiencies.of.Emerging.Chemicals.in.POSTWs

Removal
Eficiency(%) EmergingChemicals Sorption Biodegradation Reference

PFOS.
(perluorooctanesulfonate)

∼0 Low Low Kurume.

Laboratory.
(2002)

PFOA.(perluorooctanoic.
acid)

∼0 Low Low Loganathan.

et.al..(2007)

PAH.(polycyclic.aromatic.
hydrocarbons)

∼30.(low.MW)
∼70.(high.MW)

Medium.
High

Low.None AWWRF.

(2005).
Snyder.
et.al..(2007)

PCB.(polychlorinated.
biphenyls)

∼ 80.(mostly.in.
the.sludge)

High Low Verbrugge.

et.al..(1995)

PBDE.(polybrominated.
diphenylether)

∼ 90.(mostly.in.
the.sludge)

High Low Peng.et.al..

(2009)

DDT.(pesticide) ∼40 Medium Low Snyder.et.al..

(2007)

DEET.(pesticide) ∼40 Low Medium Snyder.et.al..

(2007)

Ciproloxacin.(antibiotics) ∼90.(mostly.in.

the.sludge)

High Low Golet.et.al..

(2002)

Trimethoprim.(antibiotics) ∼10 Low Low Hernando.

et.al..(2006)

manure-treated.soils.ranged.from.mg.to.kg.levels.(Golet.et.al..2002)..The.
sorption. of. several. luoroquinolone. derivatives,. including. ciproloxacin,.
to.soils.and.pure.clay.minerals.has.been.reported,.where.it.was.proposed.
that. cation. bridging. was. the. major. mechanism. responsible. for. the. luo-
roquinolone. sorption. (Nowara. et. al.. 1997).. The. pharmaceuticals. iopro-
mide. (an. x-ray. contrast. agent). and. trimethoprim. (an. antibacterial. drug).
are. frequently. detected. in. efluents. of. wastewater. treatment. works. and.
in. surface. waters,. due. to. their. persistence. and. high. usage.. The. removal.
of. iopromide. and. trimethoprim. during. normal. sewage. treatment. pro-
cess.is.minimal.due.to.their.low.sorption.and.biodegradation.properties..
The. indings. from. a. laboratory-scale. experiment. showed. that. there. was.
a. signiicantly. higher. removal. rate. in. nitrifying. activated. sludge,. when.
compared. to. conventional. activated. sludge. that. was. observed. for. both.
iopromide. and. trimethoprim.. This. suggests. that. the. nitrifying. bacteria.
have. an. important. role. in. the. biodegradation. of. iopromide. and. trime-
thoprim.in.the.activated.sludge.with.a.higher.solid.retention.time.(SRT)..
Results. from. the. laboratory-scale. study. corroborated. with. the. removal.
eficiencies. observed. in. a. full-scale. municipal. sewage. treatment. system..
This. showed. that. iopromide. (ranging. from. 0.10. to. 0.27.μg/L). and. trime-
thoprim.(ranging.from.0.0.08.to.0.53.μg/L).were.removed.more.effectively.