Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 6.6
Average.Percentages.of.Bioaccessibility.
Measured.by.a.Physiologically.Based.Extraction.
Test.of.Various.Targeted.Elements.from.the.Bulk.
Bauxite.Tailings.and.PM
10
.Fraction.of.the.Tailings
EnToxID
Al
V
EnToxID
Al
V
EnTox11
0.04
0.01
PM
10
.11
0.39
1.96
EnTox.7
0.04
0.13
PM
10
.7
0.37
3.61
EnTox.8
0.04
0.09
PM
10
.8
0.30
2.32
EnTox.6
0.01
0.16
PM
10
.6
0.16
2.90
EnTox.3
0.04
0.23
PM
10
.3
0.13
4.87
EnTox.9
0.06
0.04
PM
10
.9
0.53
2.29
EnTox.2
0.03
0.58
PM
10
.2
0.07
4.10
EnTox.5
0.02
0.32
PM
10
.5
0.13
2.96
EnTox.4
0.04
0.16
PM
10
.4
0.28
3.51
EnTox.12
0.03
0.11
PM
10
.12
0.21
1.35
EnTox.13
0.02
2.01
PM
10
.13
0.19
2.36
EnTox.1
0.01
1.04
PM
10
.1
0.01
2.53
EnTox1.0
0.01
0.08
PM
10
.10
0.15
1.15
EnTox.14
0.83
2.23
PM
10
.14
1.07
3.64
Systemically.absorbed.Al.is.rapidly.excreted.in.the.urine.by.those.with.
normal. kidney. function.. Aluminum. toxicosis. is. expressed. largely. as. a.
secondary. phosphorus. deiciency,.presumably.because. it. binds. phospho-
rus,.forming.an.unabsorbable.Al-phosphorus.complex.in.the.intestine..No.
studies. were. located. regarding. death. following. acute-. or. intermediate-
duration.inhalation. exposure. to.various.forms.of.Al.in.humans..Chronic.
exposure.to.very.high.concentration.of.ine.powder.metallic.Al.had.led.to.
fatalities.in.workers.in.the.past..One.chronic.exposure.case.was.related.to.
total.dust.Al.of.615-685.mg/m
3
,.of.which.51.mg.Al/m
3
.was.found.to.be.in.
the.respirable.form..Chemical.speciation.revealed.that.the.respirable.dust.
contained.81%.metallic.Al.and.17%.of.oxides.and.hydroxide.of.aluminum.
(IPCS.1997).
Pulmonary. ibrosis. is. the. most. commonly. reported. respiratory. disorder.
observed.in.workers.exposed.to.ine.aluminum.dust.(pyropowder),.alumina.
(aluminum.hydroxide),.or.bauxite..However,.conlicting.reports.exist.on.the.
ibrogenic.potential.of.aluminum..It.is.very.likely.that.there.was.simultane-
ous.exposure.to.silica;.thus,.it.is.possible.to.conclude.that.it.is.the.ingestion.of.
silica.that.could.have.caused.this.disorder.and.not.that.of.dust.or.other.toxic.
impurities.derived.from.aluminum.(ATSDR.1999).
Aluminum.is.a.neurotoxicant..However,.healthy.people.have.a.naturally.
high.barrier.to.aluminum.penetrating.the.nervous.system.except.under.spe-
ciic.serious.illnesses,.for.example,.in.patients.presenting.with.renal.(kidney).
failure,.who.had.probably.used.dialysis.luid.with.high.aluminum.content..
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