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the incompatibilities of the source and target data store. In case of switching
from a relational database to a NoSQL data service, the business logic needs
to be significantly adapted as the characteristics of these two technologies
are different, for example, with respect to transaction support, relational
database schema versus schema-free or schema-less NoSQL solution, and
quality of services (Sadalage and Fowler, 2012).
5.4.2.7 Step 7: Migrate Data
The final step, migrating the data , entails the configuration of the connections
to the source and target data stores or services by requiring input on the
location, credentials, and so on from the user. This step should also provide
adapters for the corresponding source and target stores, bridging possible
incompatibilities between them, or reuse of the data export and import tools
offered by the different cloud providers. As the last step is dealing with
potentially confidential information, to prevent other users from accessing
the data, a tool supporting the proposed methodology has to support the
required security mechanisms (NFR 1 ).
5.4.3 Realization
In this section, we introduce the realization of a Cloud Data Migration Tool
for the migration of the database layer to the cloud and the refactoring of
the application architecture (Strauch et al., 2013a). More specifically, to sup-
port the proposed methodology, the Cloud Data Migration Tool provides
two main functionalities. On the one hand, it provides a repository for cloud
data stores and cloud data services and allows browsing through it, even
without user registration. In addition, it implements the required manage-
ment functionality to add new entries in the repository by specifying their
functional and nonfunctional properties. On the other hand, the tool guides
the user through the first six steps of the proposed methodology through a
DSS. For the last step of migrating the data, the tool is equipped with adapt-
ers that allow the automatic export of data from the source data store and
their import in the target data store. Currently, the tool has source adapters
for PostgreSQL (http://www.postgresql.org) and Oracle MySQL (http://
www.mysql.com). We provide target adapters for a number of cloud data
stores and data services, such as Amazon RDS (http://aws.amazon.com/
rds/) and 10gen MongoDB (http://www.mongodb.org), MySQL in Amazon
EC2 instances (http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/), Google Cloud SQL (http://
cloud.google.com/products/cloud-sql/), and Amazon SimpleDB (http://aws.
amazon.com/simpledb/). In addition to the adapters, the user is referred to
various guidelines and tutorials provided by the different cloud providers
(e.g.,  Google, 2013c). This is especially useful if no appropriate adapter is
available for a particular data store or service.
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