Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
GREENLAND
71
Arctic Circle
81
FINLAND
ICELAND
79
RUSSIA
NORWAY
80
60°
ESTONIA
LITHUANIA
73
75
60°
SWEDEN
66
LATVIA
73
81
DENMARK
UNITED KINGDOM
79
NETH.
80
71
80
IRELAND
80
POLAND
BELARUS
UKRAINE
MOLDOVA
76
BELG.
CZ. REP.
SLVK.
ROM.
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
GER.
69
80
77
76
80
KAZAKHSTAN
HUNG.
SWITZ.
AUST.
80
81
71
69
75
MONGOLIA
77
76
FRANCE
74
74
68
SLOV.
SERB.
79
81
CRO.
74
GEORGIA
ARMENIA
AZERBAIJAN
BULG.
MACE.
KYRGYZSTAN
TAJIKISTAN
UZBEKISTAN
TURKMENISTAN
BOS.
77
N.
KOREA
ITALY
82
75
SPAIN
70
PORTUGAL
73
69
40°
67
MONT.
73
40°
81
79
78
GREECE
TURKEY
66
JAPAN
69
73
KOS.
80
79
CHINA
82
70
ALB.
SYRIA
S.
KOREA
78
77
CYPRUS
75
75
IRAQ
75
75
75
MOROCCO
IRAN
AFGHANISTAN
LEBANO
N
TUNISIA
WEST BANK
76
70
71
45
PACIFIC
ISRAEL
BHUTAN
JORDAN
77
NEPAL
81
PAKISTAN
ALGERIA
80
KUWAIT
LIBYA
66
66
67
78
75
EGYPT
WESTERN
SAHARA
78
BAHRAIN
76
73
QATAR
BANGLADESH
77
TAIWAN
Tropic of Cancer
61
U.A.E.
70
MYANMAR
(BURMA)
78
SAUDI
ARABIA
INDIA
62
20°
OMAN
MUARITANIA
65
LAOS
MALI
74
74
67
61
NIGER
53
ERITREA
VIETNAM
53
64
THAILAND
CAMBODIA
OCEAN
SEN
E
GAL
CHAD
63
PHILIPPINES
SUDAN
YEMEN
72
72
74
60
48
GAMBIA
GUINEA-BISSAU
GUINEA
SIERRA LEONE
LIBERIA
BURKINA
FASO
64
55
49
54
61
63
DJIBOUTI
60
61
NIGERIA
58
IVORY
COAST
48
CENTRAL
AFRICAN REP.
SOUTH
SUDAN
ETHIOPIA
56
76
SRI LANKA
56
BRUNEI
57
57
55
50
SOMALIA
76
CAMEROON
INDIAN
TOGO
BENIN
GHANA
54
50
MALAYSIA
63
UGANDA
74
53
KENYA
CONGO
Equator
0°
GABON
60
SINGAPORE
55
RWANDA
EQUATORIAL
GUINEA
53
58
82
THE
CONGO
59
BURUNDI
OCEAN
PAPUA
NEW GUINEA
62
SOLOMON
ISLANDS
INDONESIA
55
TANZANIA
66
71
74
53
COMOROS
64
EAST TIMOR
ATLANTIC
ANGOLA
68
39
ZAMBIA
MALAWI
FIJI
52
52
VANUATU
71
65
MADAGASCAR
MOCAMBIQUE
¸
ZIMBABWE
BOTSWANA
20°
20°
64
20°
20°
20°
52
NAMIBIA
50
MAURITIUS
77
52
NEW
CALEDONIA
75
Tropic of Capricorn
58
AUSTRALIA
82
49
OCEAN
SWAZILAND
SOUTH
AFRICA
52
LESOTHO
49
NEW
ZEALAND
40°
40°
40°
81
0°
20°
40°
60°
100°
120°
140°
160°
60°
60°
60°
60°
SOUTHERN
OCEAN
Antarctic Circle
from malaria, the great majority of them in Africa and
most of them children. What these numbers do not tell
you is that an estimated 3 to 5 million people live lives that
are shortened and weakened by malaria infection. If you
do not die from malaria as a youngster, you are likely to be
incapacitated or struggle in exhaustion with chronically
severe anemia throughout your life (see Chapter 10 for a
longer discussion of malaria).
Nonvectored infectious diseases, such as infl uenza,
are transmitted by direct contact between host and victim.
A kiss, a handshake, or even the slightest brush can trans-
mit infl uenza, a cold, or some other familiar malady. Even
standing close to another person who exhales and spreads
tiny moisture particles can transmit the disease to you.
HIV/AIDS (discussed below) is a nonvectored infectious
disease that is transmitted primarily through sexual con-
tact and secondarily through needle sharing in intrave-
nous drug use.
Chronic and Genetic Diseases
Chronic diseases (also called degenerative diseases) are the
affl ictions of middle and old age, refl ecting higher life
expectancies. Among the chronic diseases, heart disease,
cancers, and strokes rank as the leading diseases in this cat-
egory, but pneumonia, diabetes, and liver diseases also take
their toll. In the United States 100 years ago, tuberculosis,
