Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
GREENLAND
Arctic Circle
FINLAND
ICELAND
NO
R
WAY
RUSSIA
60
°
ESTONIA
LITHUANIA
60
°
SWEDEN
LATVIA
UNITED KINGDOM
DENMAR
K
NETH.
IRELAND
BELARUS
UKRAINE
POLAND
GER.
MOLDOVA
BELG.
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
AUS.
KAZAKHSTAN
SWITZ.
HUNG.
MONGOLIA
ROM.
BULG.
FRANCE
SLOV.
CRO.
BOS.
MONT.
KOS.
ALB.
SERB.
GEORGIA
ARMENIA
AZERBAIJAN
KYRGYZSTAN
TAJIKISTAN
N.
KOREA
SPAIN
PORTUGAL
UZBEKISTAN
40
°
40
°
ITALY
TURKEY
TURKMENISTAN
JAPAN
GREECE
CHINA
S.
KOREA
SYRIA
TUNISIA
CYPRUS
IRAN
AFGHANISTAN
PACIFIC
LEBANON
IRAQ
MOROCCO
BHUTAN
JORDAN
ISRAEL
NEPAL
PAKISTAN
ALGERIA
KUWAIT
LIBYA
BAHRAIN
WESTERN
SAHARA
EGYPT
QATAR
BANGLADESH
TAIWAN
Tropic of Cancer
U.A.E.
SAUDI
ARABIA
MYANMAR
INDIA
20
°
LAOS
MAURITANIA
OMAN
OCEAN
MALI
NIGER
THAILAND
CAMBODIA
VIETNAM
SUDAN
SEN
EG
AL
GAMBIA
GUINEA-
BISSAU
GUINEA
SIERRA
LEONE
LIBERIA
CHAD
PHILIPPINES
ERITREA
YEMEN
BURKINA
FASO
DJIBOUTI
NIGERIA
SRI LANKA
IVORY
COAST
CENTRAL
AFRICAN REP.
SOUTH
SUDAN
ETHIOPIA
BRUNEI
SOMALIA
CAMEROON
INDIAN
TOGO
BENIN
MALAYSIA
UGANDA
GHANA
KENYA
Equator
CONGO
0
°
RWANDA
SINGAPORE
GABON
EQUATORIAL
GUINEA
THE
CONGO
OCEAN
BURUNDI
PAPUA
NEW
GUINEA
I
NDONESI
A
SOLOMON
ISLANDS
T
ANZANIA
COMOROS
ATLANTIC
EAST
TIMOR
ANGOLA
ZAMBIA
MALAWI
MOÇAMBIQUE
FIJI
VANUATU
MADAGASCAR
ZIMBABWE
BOTSWANA
20
°
20
°
20
°
20
°
20
°
NAMIBIA
MAURITIUS
NEW
CALEDONIA
Tropic of Capricorn
AUSTRALIA
OCEAN
SWAZILAND
SOUTH
AFRICA
LESOTHO
NEW
ZEALAND
40
°
40
°
40
°
0
°
20
°
40
°
60
°
100
°
120
°
140
°
160
°
60
°
60
°
60
°
60
°
SOUTHERN
OCEAN
Antarctic Circle
resulting from an invasion of parasites and their multipli-
cation in the body. Malaria is an infectious disease. The
remainder can be divided into the
chronic
or
degenera-
tive diseases
, the maladies of longevity and old age such
as heart disease, and the
genetic
or
inherited diseases
we can trace to our ancestry, that is, the chromosomes
and genes that defi ne our makeup. Sickle-cell anemia,
hemophilia, and lactose intolerance are among these
genetic diseases. These can be of special geographic
interest because they tend to appear in certain areas and
in particular populations, suggesting the need for special,
local treatment.
Three geographic terms are used to describe the spa-
tial extent of a disease. A disease is
endemic
when it pre-
vails over a small area. A disease is epidemic when it spreads
over a large region. A pandemic disease is global in scope.
Infectious Diseases
Infectious diseases continue to sicken and kill millions of
people annually. Malaria, an old tropical disease, alone
still takes more than a million lives annually and infects
about 300 million people today. HIV/AIDS, an affl iction
