Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
the physical health of the mother being a key factor. In
societies where most women bear a large number of
babies, the women also tend to be inadequately nourished,
exhausted from overwork, suffering from disease, and
poorly educated. Often, infants die because they are
improperly weaned. Demographers report that many
children die because their parents do not know how to
cope with the routine childhood problem of diarrhea.
This condition, together with malnutrition, is the leading
killer of children throughout the world. Poor sanitation is
yet another threat to infants and children. Estimates are
that more than one-fi fth of the world's population lacks
ready access to clean drinking water or hygienic human
waste-disposal facilities.
The map showing the world distribution of infant mor-
tality (Fig. 2.18) reveals high rates in many poorer countries.
The map shows infant mortality patterns at fi ve levels ranging
from 100 or more per thousand (one death for every eight live
births) to fewer than 15. Compare this map to that of overall
crude death rate (CDR) in Figure 2.14, and the role of infant
mortality in societies with high death rates is evident.
The lowest infant mortality rate among larger popu-
lations has long been reported by Japan, with 3.0 deaths per
1000 live births in a country of over 127 million people.
GREENLAND
10
Arctic Circle
3
FINLAND
3
NORWAY
ICELAND
RUSSIA
4
60°
SWEDEN
ESTONIA
LITHUANIA
7
60°
10
3
LATVIA
BELARUS
UKRAINE
8
DENMARK
UNITED KINGDOM
6
4
NETH.
5
5
POLAND
IRELAND
4
6
BELG.
7
CZ. REP.
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
4
GER.
4
SLVK.
ROM.
BULG.
MACE.
4
7
9
SWITZ.
MOLDOVA
AUST.
4
KAZAKHSTAN
4
HUNG.
FRANCE
12
24
MONGOLIA
4
5
SLOV.
BOS.
6
11
17
3
37
CRO.
9
7
GEORGIA
ARMENIA
AZERBAIJAN
UZBEKISTAN
15
22
ITALY
3
SERB.
MONT.
KYRGYZSTAN
TAJIKISTAN
29
N.
KOREA
SPAIN
PORTUGAL
51
40°
9
19
40°
3
5
39
GREECE
TURKEY
TURKMENISTAN
JAPAN
10
42
27
42
5
24
4
KOS.
3
ALB.
CHINA
S.
KOREA
TUNISIA
9
SYRIA
15
CYPRUS
16
16
16
AFGHANISTAN
IRAQ
IRAN
MOROCCO
26
LEBANON
4
16
42
149
28
42
PACIFIC
BHUTAN
ISRAEL
JORDAN
8
NEPAL
PAKISTAN
KUWAIT
ALGERIA
45
45
LIBYA
63
10
WESTERN
SAHARA
26
EGYPT
BAHRAIN
20
12
60
25
QATAR
12
BANGLADESH
TAIWAN
Tropic of Cancer
U.A.E.
51
5
SAUDI
ARABIA
MYANMAR
(BURMA)
OMAN
60
20°
INDIA
MAURITANIA
49
LAOS
16
16
MALI
48
60
NIGER
111
ERITREA
55
VIETNAM
112
19
OCEAN
THAILAND
CAMBODIA
21
SEN
E
GAL
CHAD
41
YEMEN
PHILIPPINES
SUDAN
16
GAMBIA
GUINEA-BISSAU
GUINEA
SIERRA LEONE
LIBERIA
56
95
72
BURKINA
FASO
68
96
81
DJIBOUTI
55
56
62
61
IVORY
COAST
NIGERIA
CAMEROON
SRI LANKA
ETHIOPIA
78
SOUTH
SUDAN
CENTRAL
AFRICAN REP.
92
49
77
10
BRUNEI
74
65
68
12
99
SOMALIA
TOGO
BENIN
61
106
MALAYSIA
INDIAN
UGANDA
GHANA
52
15
CONGO
63
KENYA
Equator
0°
SINGAPORE
GABON
76
RWANDA
52
EQUATORIAL
GUINEA
50
64
2
THE CONGO
PAPUA
NEW
GUINEA
62
OCEAN
77
78
BURUNDI
SOLOMON
ISLANDS
INDONESIA
TANZANIA
28
43
67
18
COMOROS
EAST TIMOR
ATLANTIC
53
38
ANGOLA
176
81
MALAWI
ZAMBIA
FIJI
VANUATU
67
11
47
MADAGASCAR
MOCAMBIQUE
¸
ZIMBABWE
BOTSWANA
53
20°
20°
20°
20°
20°
NAMIBIA
79
30
MAURITIUS
6
46
NEW
CALEDONIA
Tropic of Capricorn
12
11
AUSTRALIA
5
63
OCEAN
SWAZILAND
55
SOUTH
AFRICA
LESOTHO
43
NEW
ZEALAND
5
40°
40°
40°
0°
20°
40°
60°
100°
120°
140°
160°
60°
60°
60°
60°
SOUTHERN
OCEAN
Antarctic Circle
