Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
GREENLAND
8
U.S.
(Alaska)
60°
CANADA
8
40°
40°
UNITED STATES
8
ATLANTIC
BERMUDA
8
OCEAN
BAHAMAS
CUBA
7
MEXICO
Tropic of Cancer
5
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
PUERTO
RICO
8
20°
20°
20°
JAMAICA
8
4
7
8
BELIZE
U.S.
(Hawaii)
HAITI
6
HONDURAS
NICARAGUA
5
5
GUATEMALA
BARBADOS
TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
6
5
EL SALVADOR
8
8
4
COSTA RICA
PANAMA
PACIFIC
5
VENEZUELA
COLOMBIA
SURINAME
5
7
FRENCH GUIANA
6
GUYANA
5
Equator
ECUADOR
5
OCEAN
PERU
BRAZIL
6
6
BOLIVIA
WORLD
MORTALITY RATE
deaths per 1,000 population
7
20°
20°
20°
PARAGUAY
Tropic of Capricorn
5
ARGENTINA
Over 17
7
10
CHILE
URUGUAY
6
13-17
40°
40°
40°
40°
7-12
Under 7
160°
140°
120°
80°
60°
40°
Data not available
60°
60°
60°
60°
SOUTHERN
OCEAN
0
1000
2000
3000 Kilometers
0
1000
2000 Miles
Figure 2.14
Crude Death Rate: Number of Deaths in a Year per 1000 People.
Data from : United States
Census Bureau, International Data Base, 2011.
lending a hand on the family farm, children in urban
areas were often seen as a drain on the family fi nances. At
the same time, new opportunities—especially for women—
were not always compatible with large families. Hence,
many women delayed marriage and childbearing. Medical
advances lowered infant and child mortality rates, lessen-
ing the sense that multiple children were necessary to
sustain a family. In recent history, the diffusion of contra-
ceptives, the accessibility to abortions, and conscious
decisions by many women to have fewer or no children or
to start having children at a later age have all lowered
birth rates within a country.
In some parts of the world, countries are now experi-
encing exceptionally low TFRs. Low birth rates along
with low death rates put the countries in a position of neg-
ligible, or even negative, population growth. Birth rates
are lowest in the countries where women are the most
educated and most involved in the labor force.
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