Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Arctic Circle
FINLAND
SWEDEN
SOVIET UNION
60
°
60
°
UNITED
KINGDOM
E.
GER.
POLAND
W
GER.
BELG.
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
AUSTRIA
SWITZ.
FRANCE
ITALY
SPAIN
40 °
40 °
SOUTH
KOREA
JAPAN
CHINA
PACIFIC
TAIWAN
Tropic of Cancer
20
°
OCEAN
INDIAN
Equator
0 °
OCEAN
ATLANTIC
0
°
20
°
20
°
20
°
20
°
Tropic of Capricorn
OCEAN
40 °
40 °
40 °
0
°
20
°
40
°
60
°
100
°
120
°
140
°
160
°
60
°
60
°
60
°
60
°
SOUTHERN
OCEAN
Antarctic Circle
the concept of the friction of distance is what geographers
call distance decay (see Chapter 4), which assumes that the
impact of a function or an activity will decline as one moves
away from its point of origin. Distance decay suggests that
manufacturing plants will be more concerned with serving
the markets of nearby places than more distant places.
This basic principle is important in understanding the
locational dynamics of furniture manufacturing. The vast
majority of North Carolina's furniture customers were in
the northeast or in the southeast. Either way, furniture
could be trucked to customers in less than a day.
Agglomeration
British economist Alfred Marshall (1842-1924), a leader in
economic theory who is often credited with pioneering the
fi eld of industrial location theory, argued that a particular
industry, whether automobile manufacturing or furniture
production, clusters in an area. He called this process local-
ization . Marshall held that localized industries would attract
workers with industry-specifi c skills, share information,
and attract industry-specifi c support services.
Marshall explained why industries would cluster,
and German economic geographer Alfred Weber
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