Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
GREENLAND
Arctic Circle
FINLAND
ICELAND
NORWAY
RUSSIA
60
°
60
°
SWEDEN
ESTONIA
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
BELARUS
UKRAINE
MOLDOVA
UNITED KINGDOM
DENMARK
IRELAND
NETH.
POLAND
GER.
BELG.
LUX.
CZ. REP.
AUST.
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
SLVK.
KAZAKHSTAN
SWITZ.
HUNG.
ROM.
MONGOLIA
FRANCE
SLOV.
SERB.
CROATIA
UZBEKISTAN
BULG.
BOSNIA
MONT.
KOSOVO
GEORGIA
KYRGYZSTAN
N.
KOREA
S.
KOREA
SPAIN
40
°
MACE.
40
°
ARMENIA
JAPAN
PORTUGAL
ITALY
TURKMENISTAN
TAJIKISTAN
GREECE
TURKEY
AZERBAIJAN
ALB.
CHINA
SYRIA
CYPRUS
TUNISIA
AFGHANISTAN
LEBANON
IRAQ
MOROCCO
IRAN
KUWAIT
PACIFIC
JORDAN
BHUTAN
ISRAEL
PAKISTAN
NEPAL
ALGERIA
LIBYA
WESTERN
SAHARA
BAHRAIN
EGYPT
QATAR
BANGLADESH
TAIWAN
Tropic of Cancer
U.A.E.
SAUDI
ARABIA
MYANMAR
(BURMA)
INDIA
20
°
CAPE
VERDE
OMAN
MAURITANIA
LAOS
MALI
NIGER
VIETNAM
SUDAN
ERITREA
OCEAN
CHAD
YEMEN
THAILAND
SENEGAL
GAMBIA
PHILIPPINES
BURKINA
FASO
CAMBODIA
DJIBOUTI
GUINEA-BISSAU
GUINEA
SIERRA LEONE
NIGERIA
SRI LANKA
ETHIOPIA
IVORY
COAST
CENTRAL
AFRICAN REP.
SOUTH
SUDAN
BRUNEI
LIBERIA
CAMEROON
SOMALIA
INDIAN
TOGO
MALAYSIA
GHANA
BENIN
EQUATORIAL
GUINEA
UGANDA
KENYA
CONGO
Equator
0
°
RWANDA
SINGAPORE
GABON
THE
CONGO
OCEAN
BURUNDI
PAPUA
NEW
GUINEA
SOLOMON
ISLANDS
INDONESIA
TANZANIA
COMOROS
ATLANTIC
EAST TIMOR
ANGOLA
MALAWI
ZAMBIA
VANUATU
FIJI
MOZAMBIQUE
MADAGASCAR
ZIMBABWE
MAURITIUS
20
°
20
°
20
°
20
°
20
°
NAMIBIA
NEW
CALEDONIA
BOTSWANA
Tropic of Capricorn
AUSTRALIA
OCEAN
SWAZILAND
SOUTH
AFRICA
LESOTHO
NEW
ZEALAND
40
°
40
°
40
°
0
°
20
°
40
°
60
°
100
°
120
°
140
°
160
°
60
°
60
°
60
°
60
°
SOUTHERN
OCEAN
Antarctic Circle
Another name for Rostow's model (and other models
derived from it) is the
ladder of development
. Visually, we
can see his fi ve stages of development as rungs on a lad-
der (Fig. 10.5), with each country climbing the ladder
one rung at a time. In addition to the general criticisms
of development models, the major problem with Rostow's
model is that it provides no larger context to development.
Is a climb up the ladder truly dependent on what happens
within one country? Or do we need to take into account all
of the other cou
an individual country, leaving us to wonder where cultural
and political differences fi t into the pi
cture.
Because it is descriptive of the experiences of some
countries, Rostow's model is still infl uential, despite all of
these criticisms. Even the notion of calling wealthy coun-
tries “industrialized” and saying poor countries need to
“industrialize” implies that economic development can
be achieved only by climbing the same la
dder of develop-
ment wealthier countries have already climbed. Yet if a
poor country quickly industrialized today through foreign
investment, it might not reap much economic benefi t, but
it could experience severe environmental consequences.
It is also interesting to note that the “industrial” countries
ntries, their places on the ladder, and how
their actions as well as global forces affect an individual
country's movement on the ladder? The theory also misses
the forces that can infl uence development decisions within
