Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
about Turkey has alienated many Turkish people, causing
them to que
Asia-Pacifi c Economic Council (APEC), and the Com-
monwealth of Independent States (CIS), have drawn up
treaties to reduce tariffs and import restrictions in order
to ease the fl ow of commerce in their regions. Not all
of these alliances are successful, but economic suprana-
tionalism is a sign of the times, a grand experiment still
in progress.
Yet, when we turn back to the European Union, we
see a supranational organization that is unlike any other. It
is not a state, nor is it simply an organization of states. The
European Union is remarkable in that it has taken on a
life of its own—with a multifaceted government structure,
three capital cities, and billions of euros fl owing through
stion their support for EU membership.
How Does Supranationalism Affect the State?
Supranationalism is a worldwide phenomenon. Other
economic associations, such as the North American
Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Association of
Caribbean States (ACS), the Central American Com-
mon Market, the Andean Group, the Southern Cone
Community Market (MERCOSUR), the Economic
Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the
GREENLAND
Arctic Circle
FINLAND
1955
ICELAND
1946
UNITED KINGDOM
IRELAND
1955
NORWAY
RUSSIA
(1992)
ESTONIA 1991
LATVIA 1991
LITHUANIA 1991
BELARUS (1992)
MOLDOVA
1992
60°
60°
SWEDEN
1946
DENMARK
NETH.
GER.
1973
POLAND
CZ.
1993
ATLANTIC
BELG.
SLVK.
1993
UKRAINE
(1992)
SWITZ.
2002
FRANCE
AUSTRIA
1955
KAZAKHSTAN
1992
HUNG.
1955
ROM.
1955
MONGOLIA
1961
ITALY
1955
OCEAN
GEORGIA
1992
ARMENIA
1992
BULG. 1955
SLOVENIA 1992
BOSNIA 1992
TUNISIA
1956
UZBEKISTAN
1992
TURKMENISTAN
1992
N.
KOREA
1991
S.
KOREA
1991
KYRGYZSTAN 1992
TAJIKISTAN 1992
PORTUGAL
1955
CROATIA 1992
40°
GREECE
40°
SPAIN
1955
JAPAN
1956
TURKEY
MONT. 2006
MAC.
1993
CHINA
1971
BHUTAN
1971
SERB.
KOS.
AZERBAIJAN
1992
ALB.
1955
SYRIA
CYPRUS1960
LEBANON
IRAN
AFGHANISTAN
1946
MOROCCO
1956
IRAQ
PACIFIC
JORDAN
1955
ISRAEL
1949
EGYPT
KUWAIT
1963
NEPAL
1955
BANGLADESH
1974
PAKISTAN
1947
ALGERIA
1962
BAHRAIN
1971
LIBYA
1955
WESTERN
SAHARA
QATAR
1971
TAIWAN
1945-1971
Tropic of Cancer
U.A.E.
1971
INDIA
CAPE
VERDE
1975
SAUDI
ARABIA
MYANMAR
(BURMA)
1948
20°
LAOS
1955
MAURITANIA
1961
OMAN
1971
MALI
1960
NIGER
1960
ERITREA
1993
SUDAN
1956
YEMEN
1990
VIETNAM
1977
THAILAND
1946
SENEGAL 1960
GAMBIA
1965
GUINEA-BISSAU
1974
SIERRA LEONE
1961
CHAD
1960
OCEAN
PHILIPPINES
BURKINA
FASO 1960
CAMBODIA
1955
GUINEA
1958
DJIBOUTI
1977
NIGERIA
1960
SRI LANKA
1955
CÔTE
D'IVOIRE
1960
SOUTH
SUDAN
2011
C.A.R.
1960
ETHIOPIA
BRUNEI
1984
MALAYSIA
1957
SINGAPORE
1965
I
CAMEROON
1960
SOMALIA
1960
LIBERIA
INDIAN
TOGO
1960
BENIN
1960
SÃO TOMÉ & PRINCIPE 1975
EQUATORIAL
GUINEA
1968
GHANA
1957
UGANDA
1962
CONGO
1960
RWANDA
1962
KENYA
1963
Equator
0°
GABON
1970
DEM. REP.
CONGO
1960
OCEAN
BURUNDI 1962
PAPUA
NEW
GUINEA
1975
NDONESI
A
TANZANIA
1961
SOLOMON IS.
1978
1950
COMOROS
1975
EAST TIMOR
2002
ATLANTIC
ANGOLA
1976
FIJI
1970
ZAMBIA
1964
MALAWI
1964
VANUATU
1981
MADAGASCAR
1960
¸
ZIMBABWE
1980
MOCAMBIQUE
1975
20°
20°
NAMIBIA
1991
20°
20°
20°
MAURITIUS
1968
NEW
CALEDONIA
BOTSWANA
1966
Tropic of Capricorn
AUSTRALIA
OCEAN
SWAZILAND 1968
LESOTHO 1966
SOUTH
AFRICA
NEW
ZEALAND
40°
40°
40°
0°
20°
40°
60°
100°
120°
140°
160°
60°
60°
60°
60°
SOUTHERN
OCEAN
Antarctic Circle
