Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
17
Protein-Based Photoreceptor Array on Flexible Plastic
Substrates
Wei Wei Wang, George K. Knopf, and Amarjeet S. Bassi
CONTENTS
17.1
Introduction ....................................................................................................................462
17.1.1
Bioelectronics ....................................................................................................462
17.1.2
Bacteriorhodopsin: Structure and Biological Function ..............................463
17.1.3
Proton Transfer Mechanism in Reconstituted Bacteriorhodopsin Films 464
17.1.4
Bacteriorhodopsin Applications ....................................................................465
17.1.5
Flexible Electronics Technology ....................................................................467
17.1.6
Motivation of This Work ................................................................................467
17.2
Flexible Photoreceptor Array Based on Bacteriorhodopsin Film ..........................468
17.2.1
Purple Membrane Preparation ......................................................................468
17.2.2
Flexible Polyethylene Terephthalate Film
With Patterned Indium Tin Oxide Coating ................................................468
17.2.2.1
Overview of Materials and Techniques ......................................468
17.2.2.2
Fabrication of Indium Tin Oxide Patterned
Polyethylene Terephthalate Film ..................................................469
17.2.3
Device Fabrication ..........................................................................................469
17.2.3.1
Principles of Electrophoretic Sedimentation Fabrication ........469
17.2.3.2
Fabrication Conditions ..................................................................470
17.2.3.3
Fabrication Process ........................................................................470
17.2.3.4
Absorption Spectrum of the Flexible Bacteriorhodopsin Film 470
17.3
Array Circuit Design ......................................................................................................472
17.3.1
Equivalent Circuit Model of the Individual Pixel ......................................472
17.3.2
Front-End Circuit Design ................................................................................474
17.3.2.1
Three Common Front-End Circuit Designs ................................474
17.3.2.2
Analysis of the Switched Integrator ............................................477
17.3.3
Overall Circuit Architecture ..........................................................................478
17.3.3.1
Overview of Array Circuit Architecture ......................................478
17.3.3.2
Circuit Architecture for Bacteriorhodopsin-Based
Photoreceptor Array ......................................................................479
17.4
Performance Analysis ....................................................................................................480
17.4.1
Noise and Signal-to-Noise Analysis ............................................................480
17.4.1.1
An Overview of Noise Sources ....................................................480
17.4.1.2
Signal-to-Noise Analysis in Bacteriorhodopsin Photoreceptor ..481
17.4.1.3
Noise Measurement ........................................................................483
461
