Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
12
Fundamental Aspects and Applications of Nanotubes
and Nanowires for Biosensors
Xueliang Sun and Chen-zhong Li
CONTENTS
12.1
Introduction ....................................................................................................................292
12.2
Carbon Nanotubes ........................................................................................................293
12.2.1
Introduction ......................................................................................................293
12.2.2
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes ......................................................................294
12.2.3
Growth Mechanisms and Structure Control ................................................296
12.2.3.1
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes ..................................................297
12.2.3.2
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes ....................................................299
12.3
Nanowires ......................................................................................................................301
12.3.1
Introduction ......................................................................................................301
12.3.2
Synthesis of Nanowires ....................................................................................302
12.3.2.1
Vapor Phase Growth of Nanowires ................................................302
12.3.2.1.1
Vapor-Liquid-Solid Growth ........................................302
12.3.2.1.2
Vapor-Solid Growth ......................................................303
12.3.2.2
Solution-Based Growth of Nanowires ..........................................304
12.3.2.2.3
Template-Based Synthesis ............................................304
12.3.3
Properties of Nanowires ..................................................................................305
12.4
Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanowires for Biosensor
Development ..................................................................................................................305
12.4.1
Solubilization and Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes ......................305
12.4.1.1
Solubilization of Carbon Nanotubes ..............................................306
12.4.1.2
Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes With Biomaterials ......307
12.4.1.2.1
Noncovalent Modification ............................................307
12.4.1.2.2
Covalent Binding ............................................................307
12.4.2
Biofunctionalization of Nanowires ................................................................308
12.5
Design and Construction of Carbon Nanotube
and Nanowire-Based Biosensors ................................................................................310
12.5.1
Approaches to Design and Assemble Biosensors
Based on Carbon Nanotubes ..........................................................................310
12.5.1.1
Carbon Nanotubes-Based Electrochemical
Biosensing Platforms ........................................................................310
12.5.1.1.1
Directly Use Carbon Nanotubes as Electrodes ..........310
12.5.1.1.2
Carbon Nanotubes Used as Catalytic Mediators ......311
291
