Notes - Burdens of Proof - page 218

36. Jean Carbonnier, Droit civil (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1955), 247.
37. Johanna Drucker refers to this process of interpretation as “probabilistic mate-
riality.” She suggests that the physical and visual properties of graphical forms
determine a set of potentialities, a space defined by the totality of their relative
combinations and activated by specific acts of reading, themselves grounded in
specific historical conditions: “The event is the entire system of reader, aesthetic
object, and interpretation — but in that set of relations, the 'text' is constituted
anew each time. Like weather produced in a system around a landmass, the shape
of the reading has a codependent relation to the structure from which it arises.
Probability is not free play. It is constrained play, with outcomes calculable in
accord with the complexity of the system and the range of variable factors, and
their combinatoric and transformative relations over time.” Johanna Drucker,
Speclab: Digital Aesthetics and Projects in Speculative Computing (Chicago: University
of Chicago Press, 2009), 8.
38. République Française, “Instruction générale relative à l'état civil,” Journal officiel
de la République Française (2004): 19696.
39. Scott, Seeing like a State , 36.
40. This section is based on information gathered during site visits and also Jean-Luc
Vallens, “Le droit local d'Alsace-Moselle,” Recueil Dalloz , 29ième cahier (1998):
275-279; Jean-Luc Vallens, “La publicité foncière en Alsace-Moselle: Une institution
séculaire en cours d'informatisation,” Les Petites Affiches, , no. 248 (December 14,
1999): 13-15; Jean-Luc Vallens, “De la pierre au feuillet: Une brève histoire du livre
foncier,” Les Petites Affiches, , no. 181 (September 11, 2000): 4-6.
41. IBM, In Good Company: Annual Report (n.p.: IBM, 2003), 27.
42. This point is also succinctly made by Luciana Duranti and the InterPARES
project: “Any record preservation policy, strategy, or standard should be predicated
on the understanding that it is not possible to preserve an electronic record as a
stored physical object: it is only possible to preserve the ability to reproduce the
record.” Luciana Duranti et al., “Strategy Task Force Report,” in The Long-Term Pres-
ervation of Authentic Electronic Records (Vancouver: InterPARES, 2002).
43. NARA, Records Management Guidance for PKI Digital Signature Authenticated and
Secured Transaction Records (Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Admin-
istration, March 11, 2005), 5, http://www.archives.gov/records-mgmt/pdf/pki.pdf
(accessed June 25, 2011). See Blanchette, “The Digital Signature Dilemma,” for a
detailed discussion of this issue.
44. Ibid., 28.
45. Ibid., 28.
46. Ibid., 15.