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When physiological experiments in the near future pin down in which systems
patterns of precisely timed spikes denitely carry information that is not contained
in the spike rate, the question of their functional role and their actual origin be-
comes more specic { and even more urgent. In particular if linked with further
extensive theoretical studies on all levels, on stochastic and deterministic, abstract
and biophysically detailed models, on mechanistic single neuron aspects and on net-
work eects, such experimental investigations are likely to give key answers to the
question how the brain computes.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to our colleagues and collaborators, who provided many insights to
the theory of spiking neural networks, including in particular Ad Aertsen, Markus
Diesmann, Theo Geisel, Sonja Grun, Sven Jahnke, Christoph Kirst and Fred Wolf.
We also thank Hinrich Kielblock for support with manuscript preparation. This
work has been supported by the Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Ger-
many via the Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (BCCN) Gottingen,
under Grant No. 01GQ0430, by a grant of the Sloan-Swartz foundation to RMM,
and by a grant of the Max Planck Society to MT.
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