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Fig. 9.1. A schematic illustration of structural, functional and effective connectivity. The diagram
on the left shows a rendering of the macaque cortical surface partitioned into 47 cortical regions
displayed on a gray scale. The column of plots at the right shows schematic diagrams of structural
connectivity (fiber pathways linking brain regions), functional connectivity (statistical relations
among brain regions) and effective connectivity (directed influences between brain regions). The
boxes mark the positions of four specialized cortical regions: V1 = primary visual cortex, 7a =
visual cortex in the parietal lobe, IT = visual cortex in the inferior temporal lobe, and area 46 = an
area of prefrontal cortex. Note that structural and effective connectivity form directed networks,
while functional connectivity is represented as an undirected graph.
