Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 23.17 (continued)
Selected Time Series Studies That Evaluate the Relationship between Changes in Speciic
Mass Components of PM Aerosol and Daily Mortality
Study
Population
Pollutants and
Components
Years
Methods
Results
References
Mexico City,
Mexico
1993-1995
PM
10
, SO
2
, CO,
NO
2
, O
3
PR
Percent increase in
mortality/10 μg/m
3
in 5-day
mean with and without
changes ranges from 1.25%
to 1.49%—all 95% CI
includes 0 change PM
10-2.5
%
changes range from 4.07% to
4.28%—lower bounds of
95% CI >2%
[317]
Coachella
Valley, CA
c
1989-1998
PM
10
, CO, NO
2
, O
3
,
PM
2.5
(measured
directly last 2.5
years) PM
10-2.5
(predicted)
PR
RR/IQR for respiratory/CVD
mortality
[133]
PM
10
(lag 0) 1.03
(1.01-1.05
d
)
PM
10-2.5
(lag 0) 1.02
(1.01-1.04)
PM
2.5
(lag 4) 1.03
(0.98-1.09)
All PM
2.5
RR include 1 in
sensitivity analyses; other PM
exclude 1
Santiago,
Chile
1988-1996
PM
10-2.5
, PM
2.5
, SO
2
,
NO
2
,CO, O
3
PR, GLM,
and GAM
RR of death for increase in
2-day mean
[318]
PM
2.5
1.06 winter,
1.06 winter
PM
10-2.5
0.99 winter, 1.07
summer
95% CI for all RR >1 excludes
one in single- and all
two-pollutant models
Studies that report predominant effects for ultraine fraction of PM aerosol
Erfurt,
Germany
1995-1998
Particle number, PM
mass fractions
PR, GLM,
and GAM
See Figure 23.25. Authors
interpret results as showing
particle number effects.
Commentary by funder raises
questions about whether the
number and mass effects can
be separated
[138]
a
See footnotes in Table 23.14.
b
PM
15
was measured until 1984. Coarse PM until 1985 was PM
15-2.5
.
c
This is a follow-up study to that in Ref. [301] and uses a longer time series and adds data on PM
2.5
to those of PM
10
.
d
95% CI.
Search WWH ::
Custom Search