Health Effects of Metals in Ambient Air Particulate Matter - Aerosols: Measurement, Dosimetry, and Health Effects - page 357

14 Health Effects of Metals in

Ambient Air Particulate Matter

Morton Lippmann

CONTENTS
Keywords ....................................................................................................................................... 358
14.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 358
14.2 Review of Studies of the Effects of PM and Components in Humans ................................. 360
14.2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 360
14.2.2 Human CAPs Inhalation Studies.............................................................................. 360
14.2.3 Short-Term Responses to Ambient Air PM Inhalation Exposures
in Human Panel Studies............................................................................................ 360
14.2.4 Large Population-Based Studies in Humans Dealing with
Responses to PM Components ................................................................................. 361
14.2.5 Exposures of Human Volunteers via Intratracheal Instillation ................................ 363
14.3 Review of Ambient Particulate Matter Studies in Laboratory Animals and In Vitro .......... 363
14.3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 363
14.3.2 Short-Term CAPs Inhalation Studies........................................................................ 364
14.3.3 Longer-Term CAPs Inhalation Studies ..................................................................... 366
14.3.4 Inhalation Studies in Animals with PM Components .............................................. 367
14.3.5 Lung Instillation Studies with PM Components....................................................... 368
14.3.5.1 Ambient Air PM ........................................................................................ 368
14.3.5.2 Utah Valley Dust........................................................................................ 369
14.3.5.3 Residual Oil Fly Ash.................................................................................. 369
14.3.5.4 Tire Dust .................................................................................................... 371
14.3.5.5 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ........................................................................ 371
14.4 Summary of Unresolved Issues and Conclusions................................................................. 371
14.4.1 Where Do PM Metal Components Fit in the Larger Picture of
PM-Associated Health Effects? ................................................................................ 371
14.4.2 Are There Speciic Sources of Metals That Can Account, at Least in Part,
for Health Effects Associated with PM 2.5 ? ............................................................... 372
14.4.3 Addressing Research Needs Relating to Health Effects of Components
in Ambient Air Particulate Matter............................................................................ 372
14.5 Further Perspective on Biological Plausibility ..................................................................... 374
Glossary ......................................................................................................................................... 375
Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................... 377
References...................................................................................................................................... 377

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