Environmental Engineering Reference
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of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global
average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average
sea level.” The fact that the “man-made” contribution to the climate change pollutants is largely
caused by the same activity that causes the air pollution health effects indicates that if a city, state,
or nation acts to reduce the combustion of fossil fuels and the air pollution caused by them, it will
reap not only the climate change beneits, but also the localized health beneits associated with that
air pollution reduction. Thus, substantial near-term air-pollution-associated health beneits of cli-
mate control measures could go to the cities and countries that act most vigorously to control their
combustion emissions of GHGs . These locally enjoyed health “co-beneits” of reductions in the PM
air pollution from fossil fuel combustion should be considered a key factor in decisions relating to
climate change mitigation measures.
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