Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 10.1 (continued)
Summary of Respiratory Effects if Inhalation Exposure to Carbon Nanotubes
Sample Information
Test Conditions
Mass Median 
Aerodynamic 
Diameter ( μ m)
Exposure 
Conc. 
(mg/m 3 )
Diameter a
(nm)
Length a
( μ m)
Exposure 
Period
Observation 
Points
HARN
Morphology
Species
Result
Reference
Spherical
agglomerates
5-15
0.1-10
2.0, 1.5, 0.7
R
90 days
(6 h/day,
5 day/week,
13 week)
0.1,0.5,2.5
0
Increased lung weights,
inlammation, granuloma
formation at 0.5 and
2.5 mg/m 3 and
granuloma formation at
0.1 mg/m 3
Ma-Hock
et al. (2009)
Agglomerates
and individual
tubes
10-20
5-15
0.7-1 (for 0.3 and
1.0 mg/m 3 ), 1.8
M
7 day, 14 day
(6 h/day)
0.3, 1.0, 5
0
Evidence of particle-laden
alveolar macrophages
yet no inlammation or
tissue damage observed.
Evidence of systemic
immunosuppression after
14 days
Mitchell et al.
(2007)
Agglomerates
and individual
tubes (>70%
individual
ibers)
63
1.1
R
4 week
(6 h/day,
5 day/week)
0.37
3 day,
4 week,
12 week
Minimal transient
inlammation and no
granulomatous lesions in
the lung
Morimoto
et al. (2011)
SWCNT
Small iber-like
agglomerates
0.8-1.2
0.1-1
4.2 (count mode
aerodynamic
diameter ∼240 nm)
M
4 days
(5 h/day)
5.53
1 day,
1 week,
4 week
Inlammation and ibrosis
Shvedova
et al. (2008)
a Primary particle only.
NA, Not applicable
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