Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 7.2
Organic Compounds by Functional Group using Thermal Desorption-Gas
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis
Functional Group
and Analysis Method
Quantiied Compounds (Carbon Numbers in Parentheses)
PAHs
Acenaphthylene (C12), acenaphthene (C12), luorene (C13), phenanthrene (C14), anthracene
(C14), luoranthene (C16), pyrene (C16), benzo[a]anthracene (C18), chrysene (C18), benzo[b]
luoranthene (C20), benzo[j+k]luoranthene (C20), benzo[a]luoranthene (C20), benzo[e]
pyrene (C20), benzo[a]pyrene (C20), perylene (C20), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (C22),
dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (C22), benzo[ghi]perylene (C22), coronene (C24), dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
(C24), 1-methyl luorene (C14), dibenzothiophene (C12), 9-luorenone (C13),
1-methylphenanthrene (C15), 2-methylphenanthrene (C15), 9-methylanthracene (C15),
3,6-dimethyl phenanthrene (C16), methylluoranthene (C17), retene (C18), benzo[ghi]
luoranthene (C18), benzo(c)phenanthrene (C18), benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]thiophene (C16),
cyclopenta[cd]pyrene (C18), benz[a]anthracene-7,12-dione (C18), methylchrysene (C19),
benzo(b)chrysene (C22), picene (C22), anthanthrene (C22)
n
-Alkanes
Pentadecane (
n
-C15), hexadecane (
n
-C16), heptadecane (
n
-C17), octadecane (
n
-C18),
nonadecane (
n
-C19), eicosane (
n
-C20), heneicosane (
n
-C21), docosane (
n
-C22), tricosane
(
n
-C23), tetracosane (
n
-C24), pentacosane (
n
-C25), hexacosane (
n
-C26), heptacosane (
n
-C27),
octacosane (
n
-C28), nonacosane (
n
-C29), triacontane (
n
-C30), hentriacontane (
n
-C31),
dotriacontane (
n
-C32), tritriacontane (
n
-C33), tetratriacontane (
n
-C34), pentatriacontane
(
n
-C35), hexatriacontane (
n
-C36), heptatriacontane (
n
-C37), octatriacontane (
n
-C38),
nonatriacontane (
n
-C39), tetracontane (
n
-C40)
Iso/anteiso-alkanes
Iso-nonacosane (iso-C29), anteiso-nonacosane (anteiso-C29), iso-triacontane (iso-C30),
anteiso-triacontane (anteiso-C30), iso-hentriacontane (iso-C31), anteiso-hentriacontane
(anteiso-C31), iso-dotriacontane (iso-C32), anteiso-dotriacontane (anteiso-C32),
iso-tritriacontane (iso-C33), anteiso-tritriacontane (anteiso-C33)
Methyl-alkanes
2-Methylnonadecane (C20), 3-methylnonadecane (C20)
Branched-alkanes
Pristane (C19), phytane (C20), squalane (C30)
Cycloalkanes
Octylcyclohexane (C14), decylcyclohexane (C16), tridecylcyclohexane (C19),
n
-heptadecylcyclohexane (C23), nonadecylcyclohexane (C25)
Alkenes
1-Octadecene (C18)
Hopanes
22,29,30-Trisnorneophopane (Ts) (C27), 22,29,30-trisnorphopane (C27), αβ-norhopane
(C29αβ-hopane), 22,29,30-norhopane (29Ts), αα- + βα-norhopane (C29αα- + βα-hopane),
αβ-hopane (C30αβ -hopane), αα-hopane (30αα-hopane), βα-hopane (C30βα -hopane),
αβS-homohopane (C31αβS-hopane), αβR-homohopane (C31αβR-hopane),
αβS-bishomohopane (C32αβS-hopane), αβR-bishomohopane (C32αβR-hopane),
22S-trishomohopane (C33), 22R-trishomohopane (C33), 22S-tetrahomohopane (C34),
22R-tetrashomohopane (C34), 22S-pentashomohopane(C35), 22R-pentashomohopane(C35),
Steranes
ααα 20S-Cholestane (C27), αββ 20R-cholestane (C27), αββ 20s-cholestane (C27), ααα
20R-cholestane (C27), ααα 20S 24S-methylcholestane (C28), αββ 20R 24S-methylcholestane
(C28), αββ 20S 24S-methylcholestane (C28), ααα 20R 24R-methylcholestane (C28), ααα
20S 24R/S-ethylcholestane (C29), αββ 20R 24R-ethylcholestane (C29), αββ 20S
24R-ethylcholestane (C29), ααα 20R 24R-ethylcholestane (C29)
results, and moves on to the next particle. Modern CCSEMs have the capability to locate particles
deposited on a consistent background and acquire sizes, elemental spectra, and images (Casuccio
et al., 1983; Chen et al., 2004; Coz et al., 2008; Cprek et al., 2007; Langmi and Watt, 2003; Poelt
et al., 2002). These particles then can be automatically classiied by size and spectra, but the images
must be examined manually to conirm the classiication. These CCSEM analyses can be done off-
line, however, as the images and spectra are recorded during analysis.
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