Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
PM
10
or PM
2.5
inlet
PM
10
or PM
2.5
inlet
PM
10
or PM
2.5
inlet
PM
10
or PM
2.5
inlet
Channel 2 (16.7 L/min)
Channel 3 (16.7 L/min)
Channel 4 (5 L/min)
Channel 1 (16.7 L/min)
Nuclepore
polycarbonate-membrance
filter
Quartz-fiber filter
Teflon-membrane
filter
Quartz-fiber filter
Ions (Cl
-
, NO
2
-
, NO
3
-
,
PO
4
=
, SO
4
=
, NH
4
+
, Na
+
,
Mg
++
, K
+
, Ca
++
), total
WSOC
a
, WSOC
classes
b
,
carbohydrates, and
organic acids
OC, EC, carbon
fractions,
carbonate, ~130 alkanes,
alkenes, PAHs,
hopanes, and steranes
Mass, b
abs
(light
transmission/
absorption), elements,
rare-earth elements,
and isotopes
Computer controlled
Scanning electron
microscopy (CCSEM)
for single particle
morphology and
elemental composition
Citric acid-impregnated
cellulose-fiber filter
Potassium carbonate-
impregnated
cellulose-fiber filter
Quartz-fiber backup
filter
NH
3
as NH
+
SO
2
as SO
=
OC/EC artifact
assessment
FIGURE 7.1
Sampling and analysis coniguration for complete PM chemical characterization. Different substrates are paired with different analysis methods that are
optimized for the material collected on each ilter. Measurement methods include source marker species as well as hazardous air pollutants. Subsets of this overall con-
iguration can be used at different locations and for different time periods. Different low rates can be used depending on the inlet selected to obtain ilter mass deposits
of 1000-1500 μg that are optimal for the chemical analyses.
a
Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC);
b
Including neutral compounds (NC), mono-and dicarboxylic acids
(MDA), and polycarboxylic acids (PA, mostly humic-like substances [HULIS]).
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