Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Resolved gas-phase organic compounds
Alkanes (690)
Alkenes and alkynes
(2570)
Aromatic hydrocarbons (072)
15,000
10,000
Phenol and substituted phenols (1460)
Nonmethane organic compound emissions
from fireplace combustion of pine wood
Guaiacol and subst.guaiacols (1330)
Aliphatic aldehydes
(4000)
Aliphatic ketones (064)
Dicarbonyls (1040)
Other organic compounds (917)
25,000
5,000
20,000
Resolved gas-phase
organic compounds
(14,000)
0
15,000
Resolved particle-phase organic compounds
Gas-phase UCM (1,330)
Resolved-particle-phase
organic compounds (3,000)
Unextractable and non-elutable
particle-phase compounds (3,840)
10,000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Particle-phase
UCM (756)
Substituted
phenols (181)
5,000
Substituted guaiascols (516)
0
Resin acids (303)
Levoglucosan (1375)
Other sugars (408)
Other organic compounds (267)
Carbonyls plus resolved semivolatile
gas-phase organic compounds
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
Phenol and substituted phenols (819)
Guaiacol and subst. guaiacols (850)
Syringol and subst. syringols (837)
Carbonyls plus semivolatile gas-phase
and particulate organic carbon
from the fireplace combustion of oak wood
Aliphatic aldehydes (2050)
12,000
Aliphatic ketones (577)
Dicarbonyls (1030)
Other organic compounds (754)
10,000
8,000
Carbonyls plus resolved semivolatile
gas-phase organic compounds
(6720)
6,000
Gas-phase UCM (930)
Resolved particle-phase
organic compounds (1620)
Particle-phase UCM (602)
Unextractable and non-elutable
particle-phase compounds (2030)
Resolved particle-phase organic compounds
4,000
2000
2,000
0
1500
Substituted phenols (261)
Substituted
guaiacols (53)
Substituted syringols (352)
1000
Levoglucosan (706)
500
Other sugars
(75)
Other organic compounds (173)
0
FIGURE 6.4
Chemical composition of smoke from burning pine and oak wood. (From Schauer et al., 2001.
With permission.)
Leaderer, 1987; Navas-Acien et al., 2004; Mulcahy et al., 2005; Nebot et al., 2005). When gas-phase
nicotine is excluded from the reckoning of Rogge et al. (1994), particulate N-heterocycles are the
third most abundant class in ETS particles, after alkanoic acids and alkanes, respectively. Phytosterols
(primarily stigmasterol), phenols, alkanols, and branched (
iso
-[1-methyl] and
anteiso
-[2-methyl])
alkanes follow in order of decreasing abundance. Rogge et al. pointed out the potential usefulness
of
iso
and
anteiso
-alkanes as SHS tracers, and later Kavouras et al. (1998) quantiied them indoors
and outdoors in Greece. The carcinogenic components of SHS particles such as
N
-nitrosamines
and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are minor constituents. Aldehydes and terpenes are potential
reactive gas-phase constituents of SHS and indoor aerosol precursors (Shaughnessy et al., 2001).
Indoor reactions of sorbed nicotine with reactive atmospheric species such as ozone and HONO
have been shown to be sources of secondary pollutants of concern (ozone: Destaillats et al.,
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