Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 6.4
Potential Chemical Tracers for Indoor Sources of PM
PM Source
PM
2.5
PM
10
References
Indoor source
apportionment
Daly et al. (2009), Pekey et al. (2010),
Arhami et al. (2010), Clougherty et al.
(2011), Lim et al. (2011)
Physical properties
of indoor aerosols
Nazaroff et al. (2003)
Size distributions
Harley et al. (2000), Zuraimi (2007)
Particle dynamics
Zuraimi (2007), Nazaroff and Weschler
(2004)
Particle motion
Surface area
Outdoor particles
SO
4
=
, EC (if no indoor
combustion sources)
Crustal components:
Fe, Ca, Si
Ozkaynak et al. (1996), Williams et al.
(2003a,b)
Combustion
Cooking
Meat
Cholesterol
Rogge et al. (1991)
Seed oils, meat
Triglycerides
Andrejs et al. (2002)
Plant biomass
Levoglucosan
Simoneit (2002)
Softwood (pine)
Retene, guaiacols,
diterpenoids
Rogge et al. (1998), McDonald et al.
(2000), Simoneit (2002), Schauer
et al. (2001)
Hardwood (oak)
Syringols
Rogge et al. (1998), McDonald et al.
(2000), Schauer et al. (2001)
Tobacco smoking
N-heterocycles (nicotine),
iso
and
anteiso
-alkanes,
solanesol
Rogge et al. (1994), Daisey (1999)
Candles
Wax esters
Fine et al. (1999), Wasson et al. (2002)
Incense
Tracers not yet proposed
Kerosene heaters
HONO, excess SO
4
=
Leaderer et al. (1990, 1999)
Biogenic aerosols
Macher et al. (1999), Heikkinen et al.
(2004)
Pets
Allergens in dander,
endotoxins
Song and Liu (2003), Erwin et al. (2003)
Microbes
Endotoxins
Song and Liu (2003), Erwin et al. (2003)
Mites
Allergens
Loan et al. (2003)
Human activities
Pesticide use
Chlorinated compounds
Rudel et al. (2003)
Air fresheners + O
3
Organic aldehydes and acids
Tracers not yet proposed
Walking
Crustal elements,
mite wastes
Abt et al. (2000), Ferro et al. (2002)
Cleaning activities
Resuspended PM
Resuspended PM,
crustal elements,
mite wastes, dander
Abt et al. (2000), Ferro et al. (2002)
Cleaning
products + O
3
Organic aldehydes and acids
Weschler and Shields (1997)
Renovation
Cellulose, lignin,
CaSO
4
=
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