Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 6.3
Characteristics of Indoor Particles: Sources, Composition, and Processes
PM 2.5
PM 10
Processes/Drivers
References
Outdoor particles
OC, NH 4 + , SO 4 = , NO 3 , EC, trace
metals
Crustal components:
Fe, Ca, Si
Iniltration, deposition
Ozkaynak et al. (1996), Williams et al. (2003a,b)
Combustion
OC, EC
Oxidation, pyrolysis,
evaporation, nucleation,
condensation
Daisey and Gundel (1991), Manchester-Neesvig et al. (2003)
Cooking
Organic acids >> aldehydes, ketones;
UFP
Rogge et al. (1991), Schauer et al. (1999a, 2002b), Andrejs et al.
(2002), To et al. (2007), Evans et al. (2008)
Biomass
“Brown carbon”
Dutta et al. (2011), Gao et al. (2009), Padhi and Padhy (2008),
Siddiqui et al. (2009), Ward et al. (2008), Colbeck et al. (2010)
Wood ireplaces
Levoglucosan > methoxyphenols >
resin acids
Rogge et al. (1998), McDonald et al. (2000),
Schauer et al. (2001)
Tobacco smoking
Organic
acids > alkanes > N-heterocycles
Rogge et al. (1994), Gorini et al. (2008), Huss et al. (2009), Liu
and Zhu (2010), Kavouras et al. (1998), Rumchev et al. (2008)
Candles
High MW
alkanes > aldehydes > alkanoic
acids > alkenes, >esters; EC; Pb; UFP
Evaporation,
condensation; pyrolysis
Fine et al. (1999), van Alphen (1999), Nriagu and Kim (2000),
Wasson et al. (2002), Pagels et al. (2009)
Incense
PAH; aldehydes; UFP
Cheng et al. (1995), Jetter et al. (2002), See et al. (2007),
Ji et al. (2010)
Kerosene heaters
PM 2.5 , SO 4 = , alkanes > PAH
Traynor et al. (1983, 1986, 1990), Leaderer et al. (1990, 1999),
Apple et al. (2010)
Biogenic aerosols
Macher et al. (1999), Heikkines et al. (2004)
Pets
Allergens in dander,
endotoxins
Entrainment
Song and Liu (2003), Erwin et al. (2003)
Microbes
Endotoxins
Entrainment
Song and Liu (2003), Erwin et al. (2003)
Mites
Allergens
Entrainment
Loan et al. (2003)
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