Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
This combination of contaminant concentration, saturated thickness, and groundwater velocity
gives a contaminant groundwater flux that is nine times higher than the previous scenario
(Case 2). The greater flux increases the costs for EISB. The greater depth interval for treatment
increases costs for electron donor additional and the volume of bioaugmentation culture
needed.
11.5.2 Costs Categories and Components
Cost estimates for EISB at each of the three template sites have been developed. The costs
for EISB were divided into general categories, including design, capital, operation and mainte-
nance, and monitoring. It has been assumed that basic site data derived from remedial
investigation activities are available prior to the design phase. Specific cost components in
each cost category are listed in Table
11.2
.
Operation and maintenance activities include all labor, materials, replacement parts, waste
management and disposal, electricity usage and reporting required to keep the remedy
operating as designed. EISB will require multiple amendment applications to be effective.
These applications have been included as O&M costs. An average O&M cost is calculated by
averaging the cost of periodic amendments and annual O&M expenses over time. It has been
assumed that the contractors performing periodic maintenance are located near the site, so that
travel costs are not significant relative to the time spent on-site.
Monitoring costs include labor, equipment, analytical and reporting costs associated with
monitoring the performance of the remedy. The assumed monitoring network consists of five
monitoring wells for the source area (Case 1) and shallow plume (Case 2) and seven monitoring
wells for the deeper plume (Case 3). It has been assumed that groundwater sampling will occur
quarterly for the first 5 years that the remedy is active and semi-annually thereafter.
The net present value (NPV) of future O&M and monitoring also has been calculated,
assuming that cleanup is achieved for Case 1 in 5 years and monitoring continues for another
5 years and that the total lifetime for O&M and monitoring of the biobarriers (Case 2 and
Table 11.2. Components of Cost Analysis
Design Phase
Capital
Pre-design sampling and utility survey
Site preparation
Mobilization and demobilization of equipment
Injection and monitoring well installation
and development
Delivery equipment
Materials
Labor
Waste management and disposal
Laboratory studies
Groundwater modeling
In-field hydraulic testing
Detailed design
Permitting and reports
Reports
O&M (per event)
Monitoring (per year)
Labor
Electricity
Amendment re-addition
Replacement parts and materials
Waste management and disposal
Labor
Analytical
Reports
Reports
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