Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
the western half of the map is Kama river
(“Cama fl.”)
and Samara river
(“
amar fl.”)
as the
easternmost
tributaries
of the Volga river.As has been said, the right hand half of the map is
quite a controversial one. It has to be remembered it had been taken into consideration by
Ortelius, too, but neglected in de Jode's rendition. In an eastern part of the western
Jenkinson's map territory we have only the lower course of the Ob. In the map it flows to
North Sea if we translate “
Mare Septentrionale”
, but its source is in the Chinese Lake (“
Kitaia
Lacvs”
). From the opposite side of the lake the river called by Jenkinson
“
ur”
flows into the
lake
.
Its source in the map is in Tashkent as far as to Tashkent
(“Taskent”
) and probably it is
to-day Sir-Darya river with its tributary Zeravshan
(“Amov fl.”)
Today Zeravshan is the
tributary of Amu-Darya river
.
In the
map
“Amow”
river flows around three relatively big
cities:
“Co
in”,“ghudowa”
and Bokhara
(“Boghar”).
The Ougus river with its tributary
“ardock”
is situated in the southern part of the map and the source of this river is in
Hindukush mountains
(“montes paraponi
i”
) at the south-eastern end of the map. There is
the name
“Mhoghol”
and
“Kirges”,
too, in the right lower corner of the fragment. In this
part of the map, to begin from the west, are marked following cities:
“Shay
are”
and
“Vrgencz”,
and in bifurcation of two rivers
“ardock”
and
“Ougus”
is the city
“Cante”.
Further on the river Ougus there is
“Caracoll”
and to the south
“kw
hy”.
Close to the
“montes paraponise”
there is a city
“balgh”.
In the east we have a city
“Audeghen”
, and a
little higher to the west there are:
“Samarcandia”
and
“Ar
ow”.
Close to
the upper course of
the
“ur”
river is
“Ta
kent
”, and close to the river
“Amow” - “kyrmina”.
In this right hand
fragment of the map there are also the names of the regions: “
Taskent”, “Marghan”,
“Tvrkmen”, “Boghar”, “Kiata”,
and as the biggest one
“Tartaria”.
Further:
“Cassac”,
Molgomzaia”, “Baida”, “Colmack”
and again the biggest ones
“Samoieda”
and
“Tvmen
”(to
the west of
“Kitaia Lacvs”)
and finally below
“Tumen”- “Nagaia”
region. At the end of this
subchapter worth mentioning is one more physiographic element - clusters of forests in
Jenkinson's map. Here they are represented very picturesquely by smaller or wider
clusters of the forests in the form of the trees which are not distinguished as the
deciduous or coniferous forests, but overlapped one on another. Fauna, the topic which
somebody would include in the physiographic elements, here is to be reviewed together
with the ethnographic content of the map.
5.3. Mathematical basis of the map. Experimental attempt to the method of
examining the differences of the old maps and their cartographical nets by
means of the nets of triangles
The distinctive feature of early maps are different scales on the same map. It is because the
cartographers compiled different maps which were made by using a different scales. Hence,
we can observe numerous errors in several parts of the maps. According to numerous
measurements of the distances made by the author the average scale of Jenkinson's map
occurred to be about 1: 5 083 871 (Szykuła, 1995). Whereas, the scale which has been counted
on the basis of three scales on the map, i.e. in Russian miles, English and Spanish miles ,
according to professor Baron has been assessed to be between 1:6 000 000 to 1: 7 800 000
(Baron, 1993).
