Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.9 Physical properties of soil according to major size fraction of the particles
Property
Gravel
Sand
Silt
Clay
Volume change
None
None
Slight
Large
Tensile strength
(dry condition)
Low
Lower than
when wet
Higher than
when wet
Very high
Tensile strength
(wet condition)
Low
Low
Intermediate
High
Plasticity (wet)
None
Slight
Intermediate
Very high
Plasticity (dry)
None
None
None
None, partial
cementation
Porosity
Very
high
High
High
Very high
Permeability
Very
high
High
Intermediate to
low
Very low
Water retention
Very
low
Low
High
Very high
Size of voids Large Intermediate Capillary Subcapillary
Source Dapples (
1959
), US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation (
1963
)
Table 2.10 Study on the geo-technical parameters of soil at Paglajhora sinking zone
Sample
no.
Soil density (gm/cc)
Grain size
analysis (%)
Direct shear test result
Wet
Dry
Saturated
Sand
Silt
Clay Cohesion (c) Friction (
φ
)
1
1.94
1.62
2.12
85
11
4
0.11
30
2
2.18
1.96
2.39
83
12
5
0.22
19
3
2.01
1.52
2.54
90
3
3
0.41
24
4
2.08
1.84
2.27
87
11
2
0.02
35
5
1.98
1.65
2.46
80
14
6
0.04
41
6
1.82
1.45
2.18
79
17
4
0.01
37
7
1.76
1.42
2.38
75
20
5
0.7
13
8
1.99
1.30
2.09
81
16
3
0.23
32
9
1.70
1.36
2.25
73
22
5
0.16
33
10
1.83
1.47
2.06
80
19
1
0.21
30
11
1.66
1.20
2.02
78
15
7
0.06
29
12
1.97
1.36
2.58
82
13
5
0.21
22
Source Mandal and Maiti (
2012
)
whereas volume of a soil occupied with water is known as liquid phase or capillary
porosity. These values are not constant but vary with the soil physical conditions
and moisture content. The amount of pore space is determined by the arrangement
of solid particles. If they tend to lie close together, the total porosity is low. If they
are arranged in porous aggregates, as is often the case in medium textured soils high
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