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Avoidance, removal or diversion of the problem.
Reduction of the forces tending to cause materials movement.
Increasing the forces which can resist the downward movement of the materials.
Provision of the landslide warning system.
Various landslide mitigation practices are present in the work of Zaruba and
Mencl (
1976
), Schuster and Krizek (
1978
), and Veder (
1981
). Keefer et al. (
1987
)
introduced a landslide warning system based on the duration, amount and intensity
of rainfall in urban area. Gray and Leiser (
1982
) propounded biotechnical method
for landslide mitigation.
8.2 Problem Perception Over the Major Landslides Prone
Areas of the Shivkhola Watershed, Darjiling Himalaya
Before going to take a suitable management option for the landslide prone area,
Shivkhola Watershed, a perception study has been made about the problems facing
by the people living in the concerned study area. Not only that, a priority was given
on the suggestions put forwarded by them and accordingly a rational management
proposal has been established. The slope instability is the most important problem
almost everywhere in the surveyed settlements except at Gayabari. The main
settlement area is situated on relatively stable part but the settlement at tea gardens
are still prone to landslips and thus affected badly. Considering the 1st rank
problems only, almost all of the respondents of Pagla jhora, Tindharia and
Giddapahar are equivocal of this problem. Both of these two settlements are
extremely affected by slope failure. The rational management of this problem is of
utmost importance for the safety of lives, property and landmass. The survey on the
migration into these areas shows that since last 70 or more years, fresh population
are migrated to add concentrated pressure on slope in spite of being marked as
highly landslide prone (Maiti
2007
).
Considering the value of experiences of interacting with such a problem, an
opinion survey is made to realize the best possible suggestions for ameliorating the
problem. The opinion survey shows that maximum of the respondents are in favour
of plantation on bare slope and restriction of slope clearing and thus the slope
should be brought under vegetation coverage. Some of them think about proper
drainage system which should take care of the waste water as well as the roof top
water to be guided to the nearest jhora with utmost care so that no water can
percolate down during the journey to the jhora. Out of a total of 163 1st rank
opinions, 32.5 % are equivocal of plantation on bare slope and 13.5 % are of
restriction on slope clearing. Nearly 14 % of 1st rank suggestion is for proper
development of drainage system.
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