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Whereas, mitigation is the desired result of risk reduction measures. Various
methods that can be selected as the risk reduction measures in the landslide prone
area are summarized in Table 11.1. Howell et al. (
2006
) contend that the geological
community has a crucial role to play in educating local planners and engineers
about the types of hazards facing their communities, the extent, place and economic
consequences of these hazards and how to reduce exposure to them.
A successful landslide mitigation measures in the Shivkhola watershed needs
some fundamental requirements and on the basis of these the basic goals and
objectives of management options can be achieved. The following capabilities,
resources and philosophies were suggested to provide better and effective landslide
hazard and risk management after Crozier (
2004
).
A technical and scienti
c information base.
An informed and capable local and regional Government.
An appropriate statutory and legal infrastructure.
An informed and capable professional and technical community to manage and
execute a risk reduction programme.
A philosophical basis for determining the acceptability of risk.
A risk reduction programme with the methods, policies, goals and objectives.
An effective practice and experience.
An effective system of communication and education.
Schuster and Kockelman (
1996
) identi
es four approaches to reducing landslide
risk.
Restricting development in the landslide prone-areas;
Developing and implementing excavation, grading, landscaping and construc-
tion codes;
Implementing physical measures to prevent or control
landslides, such as
drainage, slope geometry modi
cations and structures; and
Developing monitoring and warning system (Table
8.1
).
Landslide of different types occurs frequently in geotechnically active domains
in Himalaya, North East India and in stable domains in Westerns Ghats and Nilgiri
Hills in South India. Landslides have had disastrous consequences and in 2005,
over 500 lives were lost due to landslide. As a part of management of this sig-
ni
cant natural hazard, National Core Group for Landslide Hazard Mitigation was
formed. This core group comprising key national ministers and institutions for
drawing a strategy for monitoring the impact of landslides, devising landslide
hazard mitigation, monitoring the activities related to landslide hazard mitigation
including hazard zonation, evolving an early warning system and protocols for
landslide hazard/risk reduction. The Geological Survey of India (GSI) was declared
as the Nodal Agency for Landside Hazard mitigation studies. The responsibility of
the GSI in accordance with landslide mitigation includes:
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