Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
A
B
100
µ
m
100
µ
m
Semifusinite
Semifusinite
Funginite
Cutinite
Fusinite
Semifusinite
100
µ
m
100
µ
m
C
D
Semifusinite
Secretinite
Fusinite
E
100
µ
m
Figure 3.1.3. (A) Funginite in center, (B) Fusinite and semifusinite, (C) Fusinite and semifusinite, (D) Fusinite,
semifusinite, and secretinite, (E) Secretinite.
matter because hydrous, and other, minerals are altered during the ashing process. Frequently, the Parr formula is
used to calculate mineral matter content from the ash yield. In this formula, mineral matter by weight is calculated
as 1.08 (ash yield) + 0.55 (sulfur). This quantity can be further converted to a volume percent by formulae in ASTM
2799 (ASTM, 1996).
The major, minor, and trace elements comprising minerals, and elements in organic association, are important in
coal utilization. Ten elements are routinely determined and expressed as oxides and these are SiO
2
,Al
2
O
3
, CaO,
Na
2
O, K
2
O, Fe
2
O
3
,TiO
2
, MgO, P
2
O
5
, and SO
3
.
