Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 10.1.1
Sulfur-bearing mineral assemblages* found in coal-fire vents
†
, volcanic vents
‡
, coal-burning smoke stacks
§
,
and burning coal piles
║
.
Name and location of coal mine or
site
Alphabetic list of minerals with
idealized formulas
Minerals* dentified by XRD
Wuda basin, Inner Mongolia,
China
†
Alunogen, anhydrite, coquimbite,
godovikovite
Aluminite Al
2
SO
4
(OH)
4
·7(H
2
O)
Alunite KAl
3
(SO
4
)
2
(OH)
6
Alunogen Al
2
, millosevichite,
tschermigite, salammoniac, volaite
(SO
4
)
3
·17H
2
O
Witbank and Sasolburg coalfields,
South Africa
†
Barite, gypsum, letovicite,
mascagnite, sulfur
Anhydrite CaSO
4
Aphthitalite (K,Na)
3
Na(SO
4
)
2
Arcanite K
2
SO
4
Barite BaSO
4
Blödite Na
2
Centralia Mine Fire, Pennsylvania,
USA
†
Alunogen, copiapite,
hydrobasaluminite, pyrophyllite,
volaite, sulfur
Mg(SO
4
)
2
·4H
2
O
Copiapite (Fe,Mg)
Fe
4
(SO
4
)
6
(OH)
2
·20H
2
O
Coquimbite Fe
2
(
South Cañon No. 1 Coal Mine Fire,
Colorado, USA
†
Gypsum, mascagnite, tschermigite
Ruth Mullins Fire, vent 1,
Kentucky, USA
†
Salammoniac, sulfur
SO
4
)·9
H
2
O
Epsomite Mg(
SO
4
)·7
H
2
O
East Kalimantan, Indonesia
†
Gypsum, sulfur
Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka, Russia
‡
Aluminite, alunite, alunogen, barite,
copiapite, coquimbite, gypsum,
halotrichite, huangite, jarosite,
minamiite, natroalunite, pyrite
sulfur, tschermigite
Godovikovite NH
4
(
Al
,Fe)(
SO
4
)
2
Gypsum CaSO
4
·2H
2
O
Glauberite Na
2
Mg(SO
4
)
2
Halotrichite FeAl
2
(SO
4
)
4
·22H
2
O
Hexahydrite Mg(SO
4
)·6H
2
O
Huangite Ca
0.5
Al
3
(SO
4
)
2
(OH)
6
Hydrobasaluminite
AlSO
4
(OH)
10
·12-36H
2
O
Jarosite KFe
3
(SO
4
)
2
(OH)
6
Kladnoite KFe
3
(SO
4
)
2
(OH)
6
(C
6
H
4
)
2
(CO)
2
NH
Kalinite KAl(SO
4
)
2
·11H
2
O
Konyaite NaMg(SO
4
)
2
·5H
2
O
Kratochvilite (C
6
H
4
)
2
CH
2
Langbeinite K
2
Mg
2
(SO
4
)
3
Lecontite (NH
4
,K)Na(SO
4
)·2H
2
O
Letovicite (NH
4
)
3
H(SO
4
)
2
Mascagnite (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
Millosevichite (Al
Coal-burning smokestacks and fly
ash
§
Anhydrite, gypsum
Coal-fire minerals identified on
burning coal-waste heaps in the
Nord-Pas-De-Calais and Loire
region in St. Etienn, France
║
(including bituminous coal and
black shale
Thenardite, blödite, konyaite,
aphthitalite, langbeinite, arcanite,
glauberite, gypsum, epsomite,
hexahydrite, alunogen, rozenite,
godovikovite, kalinite, pickingerite,
halotrichite, tschermigite,
mascagnite, lecontite, salammoniac,
sulfur, realgar, orpiment
sandstone)
+
Minerals associated with
combustion metamorphism in the
Czech Republic: coal basins located
in the area of the Bohemian Massif
(
Tschermigite, sulfur, letovicite,
kratochvilite, kladnoite, koktaite,
rostite
Fe)
2
(SO
4
)
3
Minamiite (Na,CA,K)Al
3
(SO
4
)
2
Natroalunite NaAl
3
(SO
4
)
2
(OH)
6
Orpiment As
2
S
3
Pickingerite MgSO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
·22H
2
O
Pyrite FeS
2
Realgar AsS
Rozenite Fe(SO
4
)·4H
2
O
Pyrophyllite Al
2
Si
4
O
10
(OH)
2
Salammoniac NH
4
Cl
Sulfur S
Thenardite Na
2
SO
4
Tschermigite (NH
4
)Al(SO
4
)
2
·12H
2
O
Volaite K
2
Fe
5
2
+
Fe
3
3
+
Al
(
Ž
č
á
ek et al., 2005)
SO
4
)
12
·18H
2
O
*
This list contains only minerals positively identified using methods described herein. Other minerals may be present in these and other vents in
minor abundance.
†
Pone et al. (2007); Stracher et al. (2004, 2005, 2006).
‡
Kyle et al. (2007).
§
Vassilev and Vassileva (2007).
║
Gomes et al. (1998); Jehlicka et al. (2007).
