Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
by considering polymophic transformations in the sulfur during cooling. The diagram illustrates gas-orthorhombic
sulfur stability fields below ~600 K.
Acknowledgments
F
ield work and analyses were funded by National Geographic International; the Weather Channel; Darlow
Smithson Productions Ltd., UK; the University System of Georgia; and the East Georgia College Foundation.
The author thanks Tammy P. Taylor of Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico; Robert B. Finkelman,
Emeritus, US Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia; and Jim Hower, Center for Applied Energy Reserarch,
University of Kentucky, Lexington for their review of various sections of this chapter.
Important Terms
abandoned workings
gas reaction
+
liquid-solidification (GRLS)
condensation
gas vents
deep mined
Global Positioning Satellite (GPS)
Dräger pump
isochemical mineralization
Dräger tubes
mass transfer mineralization
drip condensates
mercury analyzer
flow condensates
pitot tube
gas-altered substrate (GAS)
strip mined
gas fissures
sublimation
Tedlar
®
gas bag
gas-liquid altered substrate (GLAS)
gas-liquid precipitation (GLP)
thermocouple probe
gas-liquid solidification (GLS)
workings
References
Cole, D.I., 1975. Observations on a burning cliff. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological
Society for 1974. Dorchester, Dorset, UK, Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, vol. 96,
pp. 16
19, http://www.dor-mus.demon.co.uk (accessed July 2005).
DeKok, D., 1986. Unseen Danger. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA, 299 p.
Finkelman, R.B., 2004. Potential health impacts of burning coal beds and waste banks. In: Stracher, G.B. (Ed.),
Coal fires burning around the world: a global catastrophe. Int. J. Coal Geol. 59 (1
-
24.
Finkelman, R.B., Belkin, H.E., Zheng, B., 1999. Health impacts of domestic coal use in China. Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. U.S.A. 46, 3427
-
2), 19
-
-
3431.
Finkelman, R.B., Larson, R.R., Dwornik, E.J., 1974. Naturally occurring vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) whisker growth
of germanium sulfide. J. Cryst. Growth 22, 159
160.
Finkelman, R.B., Mrose, M.E., 1977. Downeyite, the first verified natural occurrence of SeO
2
. Am. Mineral. 62,
316
-
320.
Finkelman, R.B., Orem, W., Castranova, V., Tatu, C.A., Belkin, H.E., Zheng, B., Lerch, H.E., Marharaj, S.V.,
Bates, A.L., 2002. Health impacts of coal and coal use: possible solutions. Int. J. Coal Geol. 50, 435
-
443.
Finkelman, R.B., Skinner, H.C., Plumlee, G.S., Bunnell, J.E., 2001. Medical geology. Geotimes 46 (11), 21
-
-
23.
Gaines, R.V., Skinner, H.C., Foord, E.E., Mason, B., Rosenzweig, A., 1997. Dana
s New Mineralogy, eighth ed.
John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1819 p., http://webmineral.com/danaclass.shtml (accessed July 2005).
Geissinger, J., 1990. Managing underground mine fires: the case of Centralia, Pennsylvania. Pa Geogr. 28 (2),
22
'
26.
Gupta, R.P., Prakash, A., 1998. Reflection aureoles associated with thermal anomalies due to subsurface mine fires
in the Jharia coalfield, India. Intl. J. Remote Sens. 19 (14), 2619
-
2622.
Hawley, G.G. (Ed.), 1971. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, eighth ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company,
New York, 971 p.
Johnson, T.M., Liu, F., Newfarmer, R.S., 1997. Clear Water, Blue Skies: China
-
'
s Environment in the New Century.
World Bank, Washington, DC, 114 p.
