Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
10
Elastic modulus
Yield strengh
at 2% strain
80
60
20
0
Temperature,°C
FIGURE 7.8
Percentage reduction in yield strength and elastic modulus by increasing temperature.
γ
M1
= 1.1 and
γ
M.fi
=1
Based on EC3, for steel, material partial safety factors
E
f
:
d
:
t
η
f
=
E
d
It is relative to ambient temperature at the design load.
η
f
=
γ
GA
G
+ ψ
1
:
1
Q
k
:
1
γ
G
G
k
+ γ
Q
:
1
Q
k
:
1
(7.25)
where Q
k.1
and G
k
are the characteristic values of the variable and permanent
loads, respectively.
Note that the partial safety factor for permanent load
γ
G
is equal to1.35, and
γ
Q.1
is equal to 1.5 in the fire limit state,
the partial safety factor for variable load
where
γ
G.A
= 1 for permanent loads and accidental design situation and
ψ
1
:
1
=
0
:
5
for combination factor, variable loads and offices.
7.7.2 Tension Member Design by EC3
Design Loading: N
d
= 247.95 kN
Try IPE 100: (100
8 kg/m)
Design resistance: N
.Rd
= A
t
f
y
/
×
55
×
γ
M0
= 1030
×
0.275/[1.1] = 257.5 kN
>
247.95
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